ELSA voting patterns study

Exploratory analysis - draft version 9

Introduction

This document presents preliminary descriptive, uni-, bi- and multivariate analysis of voting at the 2019 General Elections among the 50+, using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing - ELSA at Wave 10.

• Section 1 presents the variables included in the analysis
• Section 2 contains information about variable recoding and related issues
• Section 3 includes unweighted and weighted frequency tables of unrecoded, recoded and derived socio-economic (SEV) and independent (IV) variables.
• Section 4 documents unweighted and weighted 2-way contingency tables of SEVs and IVs by turnout at the 2019 general elections, age, sex.
• Section 5 presents additional four way tables of voter turnout at the 2019 GE by SEVs and IVs broken down by age and sex, as well as three way plots of voter turnout at the 2001, 2005, 2015, 2017, 2019 general elections by age, sex.
• Section 6 presents the results of four series of stepwise logistic regression models of voting at the 2019 GE.

1. Variables included

Table 1: Original and derived variables used in the analysis

Description	Name	Variable label	Valid responses
Age 2 categories	AgeCat2	Recoded age, 2 category	6,177
Age 3 categories	AgeCat3	Recoded age, 3 category	6,177
Age Gap continuous	AgeGap	Gap: actual and perceived age (cont.)	5,827
Age Gap 3 categories (exact)	AgeCat31	Gap: actual and perceived age (exact)	5,827
Age Gap 3 categories (within 3 years)	AgeCat32	Gap: actual and perceived age (3 years)	5,827
Mental Health	CFMAP	Self-rated mental abilities	6,016
Memory issues	CFMETM	Self-rated memory	6,014
Grandchildren	DIGRAN	Whether respondent has any grandchildren/great grandchildren	2,273
Marital status	DIMARR	(D) Respondent current legal marital status - combined marriage/civil partnershi	6,282
Education/highest qualification	EDQUAL	educational qualification - info merged from current and previous waves	6,192
Volunteering	ERFVOL	Whether volunteered: any other help	6,009
Caring for children	ERLVOLBA	Unpaid help: babysitting or caring for children	6,006
Caring for frail/sick	ERLVOLPE	Unpaid help: providing personal care for someone who is sick or frail	6,006
Ethnicity	ETHNIC	HSE ethnic group collapsed into White and Non-white to avoid disclosure	3,697
Life expectancy expectation	EXLO80	Expectation (%) that will live to [age] [depends on current age]	5,916
Life expectancy expectation (85+)	EXLO90	Expectation (%) that will live to be 85 years old or more	3,074
Whether enough money	EXRELA	Whether find has too little money to spend on their needs	5,985
Financial future	EXRSLF	Expectation (%) that will not have enough financial resources to meet needs	5,909
General Health	HEHELF	Self-reported general health	6,084
Household type	HHDTYPB	(D) Household Type	6,286
Capacity everyday activities	HEADLBA	ADL: difficulty bathing or showering	6,286
Internet use	HOBB	Whether has an internet connection at present	6,231
Financial situation	IAFCON	How respondent (and partner) getting along financially these days	5,754
Financial decisions	IAFIND	Who has the final say in big financial decisions	3,686
Sex	INDSEX	(D) Definitive sex variable: priority disex, dhsex	6,286
Perceived age	PSAGF	Self-perceived age (in years)	5,913
Happiness	PSCEDD	Whether was happy much of the time during past week	5,977
Social isolation	PSCEDE	Whether felt lonely much of the time during past week	5,999
Voted at the 2019 GE	SCSPTRVT	-	5,458
Charity membership	SCORGCH	Whether is a member of charitable associations	5,264
Civic engagement	SCORGPO	Whether is a member of a political party, trade union or environmental groups	5,264
Religion	SCORGRL	Whether is a member of a church or other religious group	5,264
Sense of community	SCLFCOA	How much agrees with the statement: I want to give back to my community	5,253
Use of car	SPCAR	Whether respondent has use of car or van when needed, as a driver or a passenger	6,286
Use of public transport	SPTRAA	How often respondent uses public transport	6,286
Housing tenure	TENUREB	Household Tenure	3,698
Past voting behaviour, V1	Past voting record, v1	Voted in past GE (from previous waves 1, 3, 8, 9, 10)	2,165
Past voting behaviour, V2	Past voting record, v2	Voted in past GE (from previous waves 1, 3, 8, 9, 10)	2,165
Social class – NS-SEC	W10NSSEC5	(D) Combined NS-SEC 5 category classification (individual)	1,766
Main economic activity	WPDES	Best description of current situation	6,266
Weights	w10xwgt	Wave 10 cross-sectional weight	-

Table 2: ELSA fieldwork dates and election turnout variables

Name	Fieldwork	Sample	Of which core	Vote asked	Last GE
Wave 1	2002-03	12,100	11,391	Yes	June 2001
Wave 2	2004/05	9,432	8,780	No	June 2001
Wave 3	2006/07	9,771	8,810	Yes	May 2005
Wave 4	2008/09	11,050	9,886	No	May 2005
Wave 5	2010/11	10,274	9,090	No	May 2010
Wave 6	2012/13	10,601	9,169	No	May 2010
Wave 7	2014/15	9,666,	8,249	No	May 2010
Wave 8	2016/17	8,445	7,223	Yes	May 2015
Wave 9	2018/19	8,736	7,289	Yes	June 2017
Wave 10	2021-23	-	-	Yes	Dec. 2019

Source: ELSA Wave 9 report, Table 1.1; Wikipedia.

2. Variables recoding

Recoding schemes:

1. Household type (HHDTYPB):

• Single person (adult) households
• Families (large + small)
• 2 adults households
• Large adults HH

2. Marital status (DIMARR)

• Single/never married
• Married
• Separated/dicvorced/widowed

3. Employment status (WPDES)

• Retired + looking after family/home
• In employment
• Long term sick + unemployed

4. Highest qualification (EDQUAL)

• Detailed version

  • Degree or equivalent
  • Higher ed below degree
  • A level or equivalent
  • GCSE or equivalent
  • Foreign
  • No qualification

• Short version

  • Higher education
  • Secondary education
  • Foreign
  • No qualification

Recoding notes and issues

• There is potentially a large drop in the number of observations resulting from combining the voting records across waves: 4,247. For this reason, missing values were coded as 0. As a result there may be a need to add a control for British vs non British citizenship.

• Ethnicity has 2,584 missing values. I do not recommend using it.

• Same with social class: 4,489 respondents had no job information collected .

• DIGRAN: the number of grandchildren was asked at Wave 4 then pushed forward (ELSA User Guide Wave 5 p14). As a result, there is large number of missing values at Wave 10.

• Age gaps continuous was coded as biological age - self perceived age

• Expectation to live to 85 and beyond: the original variable is recorded as subjective probability expressed as percentage (1-100%). The recoded variable was constructed as whether this probability is greater than 50%.

3. Univariates results

Results are presented as follows, under each tab below:

1. Unweighted frequencies and proportions of the original variables, unrecoded
2. Weighted frequencies and proportions of the recoded (ie missing/invalid values removed) variables

Please note that in the case of newly derived variable 1. and 2. will be identical

Volunteered

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded erfvol.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[0] Not mentioned	5779	91.9
[-1] Not applicable	242	3.8
[1] Mentioned	230	3.7
[-8] Don’t know	19	0.3
[-9] Refused	16	0.3
Total	6286	100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded erfvol.fr

erfvol.fr	Frequency	Percent
Not mentioned	5713.8713	96.6
Mentioned	201.2256	3.4

White vs Non-white

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded ethnic.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[1] White	3600	57.3
NA	2584	41.1
[2] Non-White	97	1.5
[-9] Refusal	4	0.1
[-8] Don’t know	1	0.0
Total	6286	100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded ethnic.fr

ethnic.fr	Frequency	Percent
White	2687.51842	97
Non-White	82.12824	3

Difficulty bathing or showering

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded headlba.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[0] Not mentioned	5709	90.8
[1] Mentioned	577	9.2
Total	6286	100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded headlba.fr

headlba.fr	Frequency	Percent
Not mentioned	5590.3078	89.8
Mentioned	635.6922	10.2

Difficulty getting in and out of bed

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded headlbe.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[0] Not mentioned	5854	93.1
[1] Mentioned	432	6.9
Total	6286	100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded headlbe.fr

headlbe.fr	Frequency	Percent
Not mentioned	5749.0668	92.3
Mentioned	476.9332	7.7

Internet connection?

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded hobb.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[1] Yes	5820	92.6
[2] No	411	6.5
NA	38	0.6
[-1] Not applicable	15	0.2
[-9] Refused	1	0.0
[-8] Don’t know	1	0.0
Total	6286	99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded hobb.fr

hobb.fr	Frequency	Percent
Yes	5764.7008	93.4
No	407.0581	6.6

Who has the final say in big financial decisions

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded iafind.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[3] Both have equal say	2982	47.4
[-1] Not applicable	2515	40.0
[1] Respondent	456	7.3
[2] Partner	232	3.7
NA	68	1.1
[4] Another family member (e.g. son/daughter)	16	0.3
[-9] Refused	10	0.2
[85] Other answer - not codeable 01-04	4	0.1
[-8] Don’t know	3	0.0
Total	6286	100.1

Weighted frequency table of recoded iafind.fr

iafind.fr	Frequency	Percent
Both have equal say	2961.70473	79.1
Respondent	471.72511	12.6
Partner	291.22242	7.8
Another family member (e.g. son/daughter)	17.52008	0.5

Sex

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded indsex.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[2] Female	3545	56.4
[1] Male	2741	43.6
Total	6286	100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded indsex.fr

indsex.fr	Frequency	Percent
Female	3256.367	52.3
Male	2969.633	47.7

Whether happy much of the time last week

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded pscedd.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[1] Yes	5343	85.0
[2] No	634	10.1
[-1] Not applicable	245	3.9
[-8] Don’t know	35	0.6
[-9] Refused	29	0.5
Total	6286	100.1

Weighted frequency table of recoded pscedd.fr

pscedd.fr	Frequency	Percent
Yes	5192.4537	88.2
No	693.9906	11.8

Feels lonely?

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded pscede.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[2] No	5208	82.9
[1] Yes	791	12.6
[-1] Not applicable	245	3.9
[-9] Refused	25	0.4
[-8] Don’t know	17	0.3
Total	6286	100.1

Weighted frequency table of recoded pscede.fr

pscede.fr	Frequency	Percent
No	5082.6071	86
Yes	826.5049	14

Whether member of a party, union or environmental groups

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded scorgpo.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
0	4598	73.1
1	666	10.6
[-1] Not applicable	601	9.6
[-9] Refused	219	3.5
[-2] Self-completion instrument not completed	202	3.2
Total	6286	100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded scorgpo.fr

scorgpo.fr	Frequency	Percent
No	4423.9615	87.4
Yes	639.9419	12.6

Whether member of a church or other religious group

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded scorgrl.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
0	4330	68.9
1	934	14.9
[-1] Not applicable	601	9.6
[-9] Refused	219	3.5
[-2] Self-completion instrument not completed	202	3.2
Total	6286	100.1

Weighted frequency table of recoded scorgrl.fr

scorgrl.fr	Frequency	Percent
No	4273.7744	84.4
Yes	790.1289	15.6

Whether has use of car/van, as a driver or a passenger

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded spcar.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[1] Yes	5527	87.9
[2] No	759	12.1
Total	6286	100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded spcar.fr

spcar.fr	Frequency	Percent
Yes	5413.7511	87
No	812.2489	13

Whether voter at the 2001 GE

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded VotGE01.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
NA	3923	62.4
1	1935	30.8
0	344	5.5
[-1] Item not applicable	78	1.2
[-9] Not answered (99)	6	0.1
Total	6286	100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded VotGE01.fr

VotGE01.fr	Frequency	Percent
Voted	1406.9736	84.4
Didn’t vote	260.5015	15.6

Whether voter at the 2005 GE

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded VotGE05.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
NA	3547	56.4
[1] Yes	2113	33.6
[0] No	336	5.3
[-9] Not answered	251	4.0
[-1] Item not applicable	39	0.6
Total	6286	99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded VotGE05.fr

VotGE05.fr	Frequency	Percent
Voted	1534.7068	84.6
Didn’t vote	278.9185	15.4

Whether voter at the 2015 GE

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded VotGE15.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[1] Mentioned	2862	45.5
NA	2129	33.9
[0] Not mentioned	916	14.6
[-2] Self-completion instrument not completed	346	5.5
[-3] No valid answer	33	0.5
Total	6286	100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded VotGE15.fr

VotGE15.fr	Frequency	Percent
Voted	2291.5367	76.5
Didn’t vote	704.3873	23.5

Whether voter at the 2017 GE

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded VotGE17.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[1] Mentioned	3938	62.6
NA	1590	25.3
[0] Not mentioned	351	5.6
[-1] Not applicable	273	4.3
[-2] Self-completion instrument not completed	89	1.4
[-9] Refused	45	0.7
Total	6286	99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded VotGE17.fr

VotGE17.fr	Frequency	Percent
Voted	3293.5117	90
Didn’t vote	367.9004	10

Whether voter at the 2019 GE

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded VotGE19.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
1	4750	75.6
0	708	11.3
[-1] Not applicable	601	9.6
[-2] Self-completion instrument not completed	202	3.2
[-9] Refused	25	0.4
Total	6286	100.1

Weighted frequency table of recoded VotGE19.fr

VotGE19.fr	Frequency	Percent
Voted	4410.6249	83.7
Didn’t vote	857.4437	16.3

Gap: actual and perceived age (exact)

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded AgeGap31.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
Feels younger than age	4273	68.0
Feels their age	977	15.5
Feels older than age	577	9.2
NA	459	7.3
Total	6286	100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded AgeGap31.fr

AgeGap31.fr	Frequency	Percent
Feels younger than age	4044.1966	70.9
Feels their age	953.1533	16.7
Feels older than age	707.7304	12.4

Gap: actual and perceived age (3 years)

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded AgeGap32.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
Feels > 3 years younger	4059	64.6
Feels within 3 years of actual age	1414	22.5
NA	459	7.3
Feels > 3 years older	354	5.6
Total	6286	100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded AgeGap32.fr

AgeGap32.fr	Frequency	Percent
Feels > 3 years younger	3813.3832	66.8
Feels within 3 years of actual age	1428.1878	25.0
Feels > 3 years older	463.5093	8.1

Self-rated mental abilities V2

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded cfmap2.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[3] Good	2628	41.8
[2] Very good	1927	30.7
[4] Fair	788	12.5
[1] Excellent	544	8.7
[-1] Not applicable	232	3.7
[5] Poor	129	2.1
[-9] Refused	20	0.3
[-8] Don’t know	18	0.3
Total	6286	100.1

Weighted frequency table of recoded cfmap2.fr

cfmap2.fr	Frequency	Percent
Good/Fair	3324.799	56.1
Excellent/v good	2450.663	41.4
Poor	148.472	2.5

Self-rated mental abilities V3

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded cfmap3.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[3] Good	2628	41.8
[2] Very good	1927	30.7
[4] Fair	788	12.5
[1] Excellent	544	8.7
[-1] Not applicable	232	3.7
[5] Poor	129	2.1
[-9] Refused	20	0.3
[-8] Don’t know	18	0.3
Total	6286	100.1

Weighted frequency table of recoded cfmap3.fr

cfmap3.fr	Frequency	Percent
Good	2502.1978	42.2
Excellent/v good	2450.6634	41.4
Fair	822.6008	13.9
Poor	148.4720	2.5

Self-rated memory V2

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded cfmetm2.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[3] Good	2619	41.7
[4] Fair	1520	24.2
[2] Very good	1216	19.3
[5] Poor	405	6.4
[1] Excellent	254	4.0
[-1] Not applicable	231	3.7
[-8] Don’t know	21	0.3
[-9] Refused	20	0.3
Total	6286	99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded cfmetm2.fr

cfmetm2.fr	Frequency	Percent
Good/Fair	3995.9139	67.5
Excellent/v good	1509.3828	25.5
Poor	412.9585	7.0

Self-rated memory V3

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded cfmetm3.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[3] Good	2619	41.7
[4] Fair	1520	24.2
[2] Very good	1216	19.3
[5] Poor	405	6.4
[1] Excellent	254	4.0
[-1] Not applicable	231	3.7
[-8] Don’t know	21	0.3
[-9] Refused	20	0.3
Total	6286	99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded cfmetm3.fr

cfmetm3.fr	Frequency	Percent
Good	2507.7826	42.4
Excellent/v good	1509.3828	25.5
Fair	1488.1313	25.1
Poor	412.9585	7.0

Marital/relationship status

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded dimarr.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[2] Married, first and only marriage or a civil partner in a registered same-sex Civ	3297	52.4
[6] Widowed or (spontaneous only) a surviving civil partner from a same-sex Civil Pa	813	12.9
[5] Divorced or (spontaneous only) formerly in a same-sex Civil Partnership	812	12.9
[3] Remarried, second or later marriage	639	10.2
[1] Single, that is never married and never registered in a same-sex Civil Partnersh	623	9.9
[4] Separated, but still legally married or (spontaneous only) in a same-sex Civil P	98	1.6
[-9] Refused	2	0.0
[-8] Don’t know	2	0.0
Total	6286	99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded dimarr.fr

dimarr.fr	Frequency	Percent
Married/SP	3945.1649	63.4
Divorced/separated	933.5869	15.0
Single	719.4630	11.6
Widowed	622.8479	10.0

Educational level

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded edqual.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[1] nvq4/nvq5/degree or equiv	1724	27.4
[4] nvq2/gce o level equiv	1348	21.4
[2] higher ed below degree	927	14.7
[7] no qualification	849	13.5
[3] nvq3/gce a level equiv	761	12.1
[6] foreign/other	401	6.4
[5] nvq1/cse other grade equiv	182	2.9
[-2] not asked	57	0.9
[-8] don’t know	31	0.5
[-9] refusal	6	0.1
Total	6286	99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded edqual.fr

edqual.fr	Frequency	Percent
Secondary	2433.7212	39.8
Further/Degree level	2244.8089	36.8
Below secondary	988.9854	16.2
Other	440.0333	7.2

Whether reckon that will live to be 85 yo or more (dichotomic)

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded exlo90d.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
No	4704	74.8
Yes	1582	25.2
Total	6286	100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded exlo90d.fr

exlo90d.fr	Frequency	Percent
No	4425.846	71.1
Yes	1800.154	28.9

Too little money to spend on their needs?

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded exrela.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[1] Never	3113	49.5
[2] Rarely	1687	26.8
[3] Sometimes	900	14.3
[-1] Not applicable	241	3.8
[4] Often	171	2.7
[5] Most of the time	114	1.8
[-9] Refused	31	0.5
[-8] Don’t know	29	0.5
Total	6286	99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded exrela.fr

exrela.fr	Frequency	Percent
Never/rarely	4391.7631	74.5
Sometimes	1067.7976	18.1
Often/M of the T	438.1173	7.4

Self-reported general health V2

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded hehelf2.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[3] Good	1999	31.8
[2] Very good	1746	27.8
[4] Fair	1154	18.4
[1] Excellent	662	10.5
[5] Poor	523	8.3
[-1] Not applicable	201	3.2
[-8] Don’t know	1	0.0
Total	6286	100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded hehelf2.fr

hehelf2.fr	Frequency	Percent
Good/Fair	3134.6815	52.2
Excel/V good	2267.4736	37.7
Poor	606.3144	10.1

Self-reported general health V3

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded hehelf3.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[3] Good	1999	31.8
[2] Very good	1746	27.8
[4] Fair	1154	18.4
[1] Excellent	662	10.5
[5] Poor	523	8.3
[-1] Not applicable	201	3.2
[-8] Don’t know	1	0.0
Total	6286	100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded hehelf3.fr

hehelf3.fr	Frequency	Percent
Excel/V good	2267.4736	37.7
Good	1961.4147	32.6
Fair	1173.2668	19.5
Poor	606.3144	10.1

Recoded household type, 4 categories

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded hhdtypb.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
NA	2584	41.1
[5] Large adult household	1018	16.2
[2] 2 adults, both 16-59, no children	924	14.7
[6] 2 adults, 1 or both aged 60+, no children	856	13.6
[1] 1 adult aged 16-59, no children	334	5.3
[3] Small family	297	4.7
[7] 1 adult, aged 60+, no children	191	3.0
[4] Large family	81	1.3
[-9] No answer/refused	1	0.0
Total	6286	99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded hhdtypb.fr

hhdtypb.fr	Frequency	Percent
Other	3454.0303	55.5
Two adults HH	1306.6791	21.0
Large adult HH	811.3049	13.0
Single person HH	354.0336	5.7
Family, large or small	299.9522	4.8

Financial situation

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded iafcon.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[1] Manage very well	2559	40.7
[2] Manage quite well	1748	27.8
[3] Get by alright	1239	19.7
[-1] Not applicable	452	7.2
[5] Have some financial difficulties	100	1.6
[4] Don’t manage very well	81	1.3
NA	68	1.1
[6] Have severe financial difficulties	27	0.4
[-9] Refused	8	0.1
[-8] Don’t know	4	0.1
Total	6286	100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded iafcon.fr

iafcon.fr	Frequency	Percent
Manage very well	2146.170	37.8
Manage quite well	1742.698	30.7
Get by alright	1454.581	25.6
Does not manage well	334.778	5.9

How often respondent uses public transport

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded sptraa.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[6] Never	2576	41.0
[5] Once a month or less	2028	32.3
[2] Two or three times a week	555	8.8
[4] Two or three times a month	534	8.5
[3] Once a week	372	5.9
[1] Every day or nearly every day	221	3.5
Total	6286	100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded sptraa.fr

sptraa.fr	Frequency	Percent
Monthly or less	4576.9856	73.5
MT once a month	855.6377	13.7
Several times a week/daily	793.3768	12.7

Household Tenure

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded tenureb.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
NA	2584	41.1
[2] Buying it with the help of a mortgage or loan	1751	27.9
[1] Own it outright	1549	24.6
[4] Rent it	357	5.7
[5] Live here rent free (including rent free in relative’s/frien	34	0.5
[3] Pay part rent and part mortgage (shared ownership)	7	0.1
[-9] Refusal (8)	2	0.0
[-8] Don’t know (9)	2	0.0
Total	6286	99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded tenureb.fr

tenureb.fr	Frequency	Percent
Mortgage	1278.8539	46.2
Owner	1103.4105	39.8
Renter	387.5524	14.0

NS-SEC 5 category

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded w10nssec5.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[-3] Incomplete/No job info collected	4489	71.4
[1] 1 Higher managerial, administrative and professional occupations	818	13.0
[5] Semi-routine and routine occupations	448	7.1
[2] Intermediate occupations	226	3.6
[3] Small employers and own account workers	197	3.1
[4] Lower supervisory and technical occupations	77	1.2
[99] Other	26	0.4
[-9] Refused	5	0.1
Total	6286	99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded w10nssec5.fr

w10nssec5.fr	Frequency	Percent
Higher MAP	989.6569	42.8
Semi-routine/routine	680.5308	29.4
Small emp, lower superv.	392.4098	17.0
Intermediate	252.2919	10.9

Economic activity

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded wpdes.f

Category	Frequency	Percent
[1] Retired	3916	62.3
[2] Employed	1442	22.9
[3] Self-employed	403	6.4
[5] Permanently sick or disabled	210	3.3
[6] Looking after home or family	164	2.6
[96] SPONTANEOUS: Semi-retired	67	1.1
[4] Unemployed	64	1.0
[85] Other answer - not codeable 01-06 or 96	19	0.3
[86] Irrelevant answer - not codeable 01-06 or 96	1	0.0
Total	6286	99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded wpdes.fr

wpdes.fr	Frequency	Percent
Retired (inc part)	3052.5605	49.2
In employment	2503.5136	40.4
LT sick/disabled	343.2852	5.5
FT carer + unemp.	300.5414	4.8

Recoded age, 2 category

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded AgeCat2.fr

Category	Frequency	Percent
50-69	3277	52.1
70+	2900	46.1
NA	109	1.7
Total	6286	99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded AgeCat2.fr

AgeCat2.fr	Frequency	Percent
50-69	4033.005	66.2
70+	2057.643	33.8

Recoded age, 3 category

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded AgeCat3.fr

Category	Frequency	Percent
50-69	3277	52.1
70-79	1989	31.6
80+	911	14.5
NA	109	1.7
Total	6286	99.9

Weighted frequency table of recoded AgeCat3.fr

AgeCat3.fr	Frequency	Percent
50-69	4033.0054	66.2
70-79	1420.6240	23.3
80+	637.0186	10.5

Past voting record, dichotomic

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded VotRec2.fr

Category	Frequency	Percent
NA	4121	65.6
Voted in the past	2087	33.2
None	78	1.2
Total	6286	100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded VotRec2.fr

VotRec2.fr	Frequency	Percent
Voted in the past	1529.28659	95.9
None	65.15805	4.1

Past voting record, v1

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded VotRec0.fr

Category	Frequency	Percent
NA	4121	65.6
3-4	1743	27.7
1-2	344	5.5
None	78	1.2
Total	6286	100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded VotRec0.fr

VotRec0.fr	Frequency	Percent
3-4	1261.87774	79.1
1-2	267.40885	16.8
None	65.15805	4.1

Past voting record, v2

Unweighted frequency table of unrecoded VotRec01.fr

Category	Frequency	Percent
NA	4121	65.6
3-4	1743	27.7
2	256	4.1
None or 1	166	2.6
Total	6286	100.0

Weighted frequency table of recoded VotRec01.fr

VotRec01.fr	Frequency	Percent
3-4	1261.8777	79.1
2	194.4959	12.2
None or 1	138.0710	8.7

Self-perceived age

Unweighted results

Weighted results

Expectation (%) that will live to [age]

Unweighted results

Weighted results

Expectation (%) that will live to be 85 years old or more

Unweighted results

Weighted results

Gap: actual and perceived age (cont.)

Unweighted results

Weighted results

4. Bivariates results

This section contains for each variable used in the study, the following contingency tables:

1. With voter turnout at the 2019 General Election
2. With sex
3. With age, two and three categories

All contingency tables were computed with weighted data and include \(\chi^2\) test of independence.

4.1. Voter turnout at the 2019 GE

Recoded age, 2 category

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Recoded age, 2 category(AgeCat2)

	50-69		70+
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	658.2	19.51	190.8	10.55
Voted	2715.5	80.49	1618.8	89.45
Total	3373.7	100	1809.6	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

54.119 1.000 0.000

Recoded age, 3 category

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Recoded age, 3 category(AgeCat3)

	50-69		70-79		80+
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	658.2	19.51	126.5	9.9	64.4	12.11
Voted	2715.5	80.49	1151.5	90.1	467.3	87.89
Total	3373.7	100	1278	100	531.7	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

31.252 1.964 0.000

Gap: actual and perceived age (exact)

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Gap: actual and perceived age (exact)(AgeGap31)

	Feels older than age		Feels their age		Feels younger than age
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	155.4	27.14	127.4	15.32	537.4	14.7
Voted	417.2	72.86	704.1	84.68	3118.9	85.3
Total	572.6	100	831.5	100	3656.3	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

14.877 1.922 0.000

Gap: actual and perceived age (3 years)

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Gap: actual and perceived age (3 years)(AgeGap32)

	Feels > 3 years older		Feels > 3 years younger		Feels within 3 years of actual age
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	110.1	30.15	515.6	14.82	194.4	16
Voted	255	69.85	2964.4	85.18	1020.8	84
Total	365.1	100	3480	100	1215.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

13.987 1.967 0.000

Self-rated mental abilities V2

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Self-rated mental abilities V2(cfmap2)

	Excellent/v good		Good/Fair		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	267.2	12.22	545.9	18.64	28.7	26.92
Voted	1919.8	87.78	2383	81.36	78	73.08
Total	2187	100	2928.9	100	106.7	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

13.288 1.984 0.000

Self-rated mental abilities V3

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Self-rated mental abilities V3(cfmap3)

	Excellent/v good		Fair		Good		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	267.2	12.22	195.2	28.08	350.7	15.7	28.7	26.92
Voted	1919.8	87.78	500	71.92	1883	84.3	78	73.08
Total	2187	100	695.2	100	2233.7	100	106.7	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

19.082 2.957 0.000

Self-rated memory V2

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Self-rated memory V2(cfmetm2)

	Excellent/v good		Good/Fair		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	153.4	11.61	614.9	17.23	73	22.18
Voted	1167.6	88.39	2954.2	82.77	256.2	77.82
Total	1321	100	3569.1	100	329.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
8.985     1.997     0.000 

Self-rated memory V3

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Self-rated memory V3(cfmetm3)

	Excellent/v good		Fair		Good		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	153.4	11.61	257.3	19.74	357.6	15.78	73	22.18
Voted	1167.6	88.39	1046	80.26	1908.2	84.22	256.2	77.82
Total	1321	100	1303.3	100	2265.8	100	329.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
7.425     2.981     0.000 

Whether has any grandchildren

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether has any grandchildren(digran)

	Has gchild		None
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	162.5	23.44	232.4	15.43
Voted	530.7	76.56	1273.9	84.57
Total	693.2	100	1506.3	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
8.606     1.000     0.003 

Marital/relationship status

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Marital/relationship status(dimarr)

	Divorced/separated		Married/SP		Single		Widowed
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	195.9	25.15	432.7	12.82	152.5	26.17	76.4	14.52
Voted	583.1	74.85	2943.3	87.18	430.1	73.83	449.6	85.48
Total	779	100	3376	100	582.6	100	526	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

21.635 2.737 0.000

Educational level

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Educational level(edqual)

	Below secondary		Further/Degree level		Other		Secondary
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	221.1	29.04	175.9	8.96	49.5	13.03	397.9	19.12
Voted	540.3	70.96	1786.4	91.04	330.6	86.97	1682.9	80.88
Total	761.4	100	1962.3	100	380.1	100	2080.8	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

34.496 2.931 0.000

Volunteered

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Volunteered(erfvol)

	Not mentioned		Mentioned
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	823.5	16.34	15.8	9.03
Voted	4214.8	83.66	158.9	90.97
Total	5038.3	100	174.7	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
3.384     1.000     0.066 

Cared for baby/child

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Cared for baby/child(erlvolba)

	Did childcare		No childcare
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	32.9	11.37	806.3	16.39
Voted	256.5	88.63	4114.8	83.61
Total	289.4	100	4921.1	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.695     1.000     0.101 

Whether cared for a sick/frail person

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether cared for a sick/frail person(erlvolpe)

	Cared for sick/frail		Not a carer
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	26.8	18.13	812.4	16.05
Voted	121.1	81.87	4250.3	83.95
Total	147.9	100	5062.7	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.152     1.000     0.696 

White vs Non-white

Whether voted at 2019 GE by White vs Non-white(ethnic)

	White		Non-White
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	264.1	11.07	9.7	18.01
Voted	2121.4	88.93	44.3	81.99
Total	2385.5	100	54	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.651     1.000     0.104 

Whether reckon that will live to be 85 yo or more (dichotomic)

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether reckon that will live to be 85 yo or more (dichotomic)(exlo90d)

	No		Yes
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	593.6	16.21	263.9	16.42
Voted	3067	83.79	1343.6	83.58
Total	3660.6	100	1607.5	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.017     1.000     0.898 

Too little money to spend on their needs?

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Too little money to spend on their needs?(exrela)

	Never/rarely		Often/M of the T		Sometimes
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	489.2	12.34	124.9	36.61	223.4	24.92
Voted	3474.6	87.66	216.3	63.39	673	75.08
Total	3963.8	100	341.2	100	896.4	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

41.295 1.919 0.000

Difficulty bathing or showering

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Difficulty bathing or showering(headlba)

	Not mentioned		Mentioned
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	715.4	14.87	142.1	31
Voted	4094.4	85.13	316.2	69
Total	4809.8	100	458.3	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

37.591 1.000 0.000

Difficulty getting in and out of bed

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Difficulty getting in and out of bed(headlbe)

	Not mentioned		Mentioned
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	742.8	15.13	114.7	31.87
Voted	4165.6	84.87	245.1	68.13
Total	4908.4	100	359.8	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

33.365 1.000 0.000

Self-reported general health V2

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Self-reported general health V2(hehelf2)

	Excel/V good		Good/Fair		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	205.1	9.99	475.3	17.34	177	37.31
Voted	1847.1	90.01	2265.6	82.66	297.5	62.69
Total	2052.2	100	2740.9	100	474.5	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

57.529 1.986 0.000

Self-reported general health V3

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Self-reported general health V3(hehelf3)

	Excel/V good		Fair		Good		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	205.1	9.99	186.2	18.5	289.1	16.67	177	37.31
Voted	1847.1	90.01	820.3	81.5	1445.3	83.33	297.5	62.69
Total	2052.2	100	1006.5	100	1734.4	100	474.5	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

38.749 2.966 0.000

Recoded household type, 4 categories

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Recoded household type, 4 categories(hhdtypb)

	Family, large or small		Large adult HH		Other		Single person HH		Two adults HH
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	32.6	12.05	72.4	9.86	583.6	20.64	51.6	16.89	117.2	10.37
Voted	237.7	87.95	662.2	90.14	2243.3	79.36	254	83.11	1013.5	89.63
Total	270.3	100	734.6	100	2826.9	100	305.6	100	1130.7	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

20.908 3.862 0.000

Internet connection?

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Internet connection?(hobb)

	Yes		No
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	746.6	15.22	98.8	30.67
Voted	4160.4	84.78	223.4	69.33
Total	4907	100	322.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

26.042 1.000 0.000

Financial situation

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Financial situation(iafcon)

	Does not manage well		Get by alright		Manage quite well		Manage very well
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	87.4	35.46	250.4	21.11	266.6	17.51	194.6	10.28
Voted	159.1	64.54	935.8	78.89	1256.1	82.49	1699.2	89.72
Total	246.5	100	1186.2	100	1522.7	100	1893.8	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

20.436 2.757 0.000

Who has the final say in big financial decisions

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Who has the final say in big financial decisions(iafind)

	Respondent		Partner		Both have equal say		Another family member (e.g. son/daughter)
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	61.4	16.1	64.2	24.62	322.5	12.38	2	12.83
Voted	319.7	83.9	196.4	75.38	2282	87.62	13.7	87.17
Total	381.1	100	260.6	100	2604.5	100	15.7	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
5.097     2.598     0.003 

Sex

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Sex(indsex)

	Male		Female
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	400.6	16.14	456.9	16.4
Voted	2081.9	83.86	2328.7	83.6
Total	2482.5	100	2785.6	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.034     1.000     0.854 

Whether happy much of the time last week

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether happy much of the time last week(pscedd)

	Yes		No
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	709.2	15.33	123.4	21.9
Voted	3918.3	84.67	440.2	78.1
Total	4627.5	100	563.6	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
8.439     1.000     0.004 

Feels lonely?

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Feels lonely?(pscede)

	Yes		No
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	180	26.49	661.2	14.6
Voted	499.5	73.51	3867.3	85.4
Total	679.5	100	4528.5	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

27.766 1.000 0.000

I want to give back to my community

Whether voted at 2019 GE by I want to give back to my community(sclfcoa)

	Give back to community		Not so much
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	596.8	13.99	208.2	26.41
Voted	3670.4	86.01	580.2	73.59
Total	4267.2	100	788.4	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

36.895 1.000 0.000

Whether member of a charity

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether member of a charity(scorgch)

	Member of a charity		Not a member
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	53.2	6.8	740.6	17.31
Voted	729.6	93.2	3537.8	82.69
Total	782.8	100	4278.4	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

27.451 1.000 0.000

Whether member of a party, union or environmental groups

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether member of a party, union or environmental groups(scorgpo)

	No		Yes
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	738	16.69	55.8	8.72
Voted	3683.2	83.31	584.2	91.28
Total	4421.2	100	640	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

13.533 1.000 0.000

Whether member of a church or other religious group

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether member of a church or other religious group(scorgrl)

	No		Yes
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	688.9	16.13	104.9	13.29
Voted	3583.1	83.87	684.3	86.71
Total	4272	100	789.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.101     1.000     0.147 

Whether has use of car/van, as a driver or a passenger

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether has use of car/van, as a driver or a passenger(spcar)

	Yes		No
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	669.5	14.37	187.9	30.83
Voted	3988.9	85.63	421.7	69.17
Total	4658.4	100	609.6	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

51.787 1.000 0.000

How often respondent uses public transport

Whether voted at 2019 GE by How often respondent uses public transport(sptraa)

	Monthly or less		MT once a month		Several times a week/daily
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	636	16.42	93.3	12.69	128.1	19.46
Voted	3238.3	83.58	641.9	87.31	530.5	80.54
Total	3874.3	100	735.2	100	658.6	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.965     1.964     0.053 

Household Tenure

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Household Tenure(tenureb)

	Mortgage		Owner		Renter
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	107.5	9.26	91.1	9.52	73.6	22.89
Voted	1053.3	90.74	865.8	90.48	247.9	77.11
Total	1160.8	100	956.9	100	321.5	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

24.761 1.973 0.000

Whether voter at the 2001 GE

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether voter at the 2001 GE(VotGE01)

	Didn’t vote		Voted
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	65.7	28.97	81.2	6.63
Voted	161.2	71.03	1144	93.37
Total	226.9	100	1225.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

107.096 1.000 0.000

Whether voter at the 2005 GE

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether voter at the 2005 GE(VotGE05)

	Didn’t vote		Voted
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	89.4	36.63	86.2	6.27
Voted	154.6	63.37	1290	93.73
Total	244	100	1376.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

194.243 1.000 0.000

Whether voter at the 2015 GE

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether voter at the 2015 GE(VotGE15)

	Didn’t vote		Voted
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	167.4	26.17	155.3	7.47
Voted	472.3	73.83	1924.5	92.53
Total	639.7	100	2079.8	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

146.206 1.000 0.000

Whether voter at the 2017 GE

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Whether voter at the 2017 GE(VotGE17)

	Didn’t vote		Voted
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	221	73.55	213.7	7.14
Voted	79.5	26.45	2779.6	92.86
Total	300.5	100	2993.3	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

853.408 1.000 0.000

Past voting record, dichotomic

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Past voting record, dichotomic(VotRec2)

	None		Voted in the past
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	38.9	75.81	103.9	7.79
Voted	12.4	24.19	1230.5	92.21
Total	51.3	100	1334.4	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

230.365 1.000 0.000

Past voting record, v1

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Past voting record, v1(VotRec0)

	1-2		3-4		None
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	44.9	22.52	59	5.2	38.9	75.81
Voted	154.6	77.48	1075.9	94.8	12.4	24.19
Total	199.5	100	1134.9	100	51.3	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

147.391 1.995 0.000

Past voting record, v2

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Past voting record, v2(VotRec01)

	2		3-4		None or 1
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	22.6	14.86	59	5.2	61.3	61.9
Voted	129.3	85.14	1075.9	94.8	37.7	38.1
Total	151.9	100	1134.9	100	99	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

163.411 1.996 0.000

NS-SEC 5 category

Whether voted at 2019 GE by NS-SEC 5 category(w10nssec5)

	Higher MAP		Intermediate		Semi-routine/routine		Small emp, lower superv.
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	78.4	9.23	43.9	19.6	214.2	37.55	51.8	16.91
Voted	771.2	90.77	180	80.4	356.2	62.45	254.4	83.09
Total	849.6	100	223.9	100	570.4	100	306.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

25.885 2.968 0.000

Economic activity

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Economic activity(wpdes)

	FT carer + unemp.		In employment		LT sick/disabled		Retired (inc part)
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	74.4	29.13	367.5	17.95	114.5	44.42	295.1	11
Voted	181	70.87	1680.3	82.05	143.2	55.58	2387.8	89
Total	255.4	100	2047.8	100	257.7	100	2682.9	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

36.235 2.867 0.000

Recoded age, 2 category

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Recoded age, 2 category(AgeCat2)

	50-69		70+
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	658.2	19.51	190.8	10.55
Voted	2715.5	80.49	1618.8	89.45
Total	3373.7	100	1809.6	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

54.119 1.000 0.000

Recoded age, 3 category

Whether voted at 2019 GE by Recoded age, 3 category(AgeCat3)

	50-69		70-79		80+
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Didn’t vote	658.2	19.51	126.5	9.9	64.4	12.11
Voted	2715.5	80.49	1151.5	90.1	467.3	87.89
Total	3373.7	100	1278	100	531.7	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

31.252 1.964 0.000

4.2. Sex

Recoded age, 2 category

Sex by Recoded age, 2 category(AgeCat2)

	50-69		70+
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	1974	48.95	941.6	45.76
Female	2059	51.05	1116.1	54.24
Total	4033	100	2057.7	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
4.487     1.000     0.034 

Recoded age, 3 category

Sex by Recoded age, 3 category(AgeCat3)

	50-69		70-79		80+
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	1974	48.95	669.3	47.11	272.3	42.75
Female	2059	51.05	751.4	52.89	364.7	57.25
Total	4033	100	1420.7	100	637	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
4.264     1.935     0.015 

Gap: actual and perceived age (exact)

Sex by Gap: actual and perceived age (exact)(AgeGap31)

	Feels older than age		Feels their age		Feels younger than age
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	299.5	42.32	449.1	47.12	1940.7	47.99
Female	408.2	57.68	504	52.88	2103.5	52.01
Total	707.7	100	953.1	100	4044.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.226     1.961     0.109 

Gap: actual and perceived age (3 years)

Sex by Gap: actual and perceived age (3 years)(AgeGap32)

	Feels > 3 years older		Feels > 3 years younger		Feels within 3 years of actual age
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	165.7	35.75	1831.3	48.02	692.4	48.48
Female	297.8	64.25	1982.1	51.98	735.8	51.52
Total	463.5	100	3813.4	100	1428.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
7.143     1.961     0.001 

Self-rated mental abilities V2

Sex by Self-rated mental abilities V2(cfmap2)

	Excellent/v good		Good/Fair		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	1300.1	53.05	1428	42.95	49.9	33.58
Female	1150.5	46.95	1896.8	57.05	98.6	66.42
Total	2450.6	100	3324.8	100	148.5	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

21.318 2.000 0.000

Self-rated mental abilities V3

Sex by Self-rated mental abilities V3(cfmap3)

	Excellent/v good		Fair		Good		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	1300.1	53.05	338.7	41.17	1089.3	43.53	49.9	33.58
Female	1150.5	46.95	483.9	58.83	1412.9	56.47	98.6	66.42
Total	2450.6	100	822.6	100	2502.2	100	148.5	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

14.085 2.990 0.000

Self-rated memory V2

Sex by Self-rated memory V2(cfmetm2)

	Excellent/v good		Good/Fair		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	770.5	51.05	1827.4	45.73	174.3	42.2
Female	738.9	48.95	2168.5	54.27	238.7	57.8
Total	1509.4	100	3995.9	100	413	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
5.037     1.999     0.007 

Self-rated memory V3

Sex by Self-rated memory V3(cfmetm3)

	Excellent/v good		Fair		Good		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	770.5	51.05	672.8	45.21	1154.7	46.04	174.3	42.2
Female	738.9	48.95	815.4	54.79	1353.1	53.96	238.7	57.8
Total	1509.4	100	1488.2	100	2507.8	100	413	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
3.439     2.998     0.016 

Whether has any grandchildren

Sex by Whether has any grandchildren(digran)

	Has gchild		None
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	405	42.43	917.7	50.57
Female	549.5	57.57	897.2	49.43
Total	954.5	100	1814.9	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
8.117     1.000     0.004 

Marital/relationship status

Sex by Marital/relationship status(dimarr)

	Divorced/separated		Married/SP		Single		Widowed
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	352.8	37.79	2057.1	52.14	387.6	53.87	168.3	27.02
Female	580.8	62.21	1888	47.86	331.9	46.13	454.6	72.98
Total	933.6	100	3945.1	100	719.5	100	622.9	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

38.207 2.874 0.000

Educational level

Sex by Educational level(edqual)

	Below secondary		Further/Degree level		Other		Secondary
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	402.3	40.68	1240.2	55.25	178.3	40.52	1075.5	44.19
Female	586.7	59.32	1004.6	44.75	261.7	59.48	1358.2	55.81
Total	989	100	2244.8	100	440	100	2433.7	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

17.782 2.970 0.000

Volunteered

Sex by Volunteered(erfvol)

	Not mentioned		Mentioned
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	2704.8	47.34	73.6	36.6
Female	3009	52.66	127.6	63.4
Total	5713.8	100	201.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
5.777     1.000     0.016 

Cared for baby/child

Sex by Cared for baby/child(erlvolba)

	Did childcare		No childcare
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	101.4	31.39	2675.9	47.87
Female	221.7	68.61	2913.7	52.13
Total	323.1	100	5589.6	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

17.891 1.000 0.000

Whether cared for a sick/frail person

Sex by Whether cared for a sick/frail person(erlvolpe)

	Cared for sick/frail		Not a carer
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	67.7	41.43	2709.6	47.13
Female	95.6	58.57	3039.7	52.87
Total	163.3	100	5749.3	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.949     1.000     0.330 

White vs Non-white

Sex by White vs Non-white(ethnic)

	White		Non-White
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	1225.6	45.6	40.2	48.95
Female	1461.9	54.4	41.9	51.05
Total	2687.5	100	82.1	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.345     1.000     0.557 

Whether reckon that will live to be 85 yo or more (dichotomic)

Sex by Whether reckon that will live to be 85 yo or more (dichotomic)(exlo90d)

	No		Yes
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	2163.9	48.89	805.8	44.76
Female	2262	51.11	994.4	55.24
Total	4425.9	100	1800.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
4.972     1.000     0.026 

Too little money to spend on their needs?

Sex by Too little money to spend on their needs?(exrela)

	Never/rarely		Often/M of the T		Sometimes
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	2133.5	48.58	192.5	43.95	442.4	41.43
Female	2258.3	51.42	245.6	56.05	625.4	58.57
Total	4391.8	100	438.1	100	1067.8	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
4.352     1.928     0.014 

Difficulty bathing or showering

Sex by Difficulty bathing or showering(headlba)

	Not mentioned		Mentioned
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	2748.4	49.16	221.3	34.81
Female	2841.9	50.84	414.4	65.19
Total	5590.3	100	635.7	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

25.791 1.000 0.000

Difficulty getting in and out of bed

Sex by Difficulty getting in and out of bed(headlbe)

	Not mentioned		Mentioned
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	2801.2	48.72	168.4	35.32
Female	2947.9	51.28	308.5	64.68
Total	5749.1	100	476.9	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

17.365 1.000 0.000

Self-reported general health V2

Sex by Self-reported general health V2(hehelf2)

	Excel/V good		Good/Fair		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	1073	47.32	1495.5	47.71	265.1	43.73
Female	1194.4	52.68	1639.2	52.29	341.2	56.27
Total	2267.4	100	3134.7	100	606.3	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.973     1.993     0.378 

Self-reported general health V3

Sex by Self-reported general health V3(hehelf3)

	Excel/V good		Fair		Good		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	1073	47.32	539.8	46.01	955.7	48.72	265.1	43.73
Female	1194.4	52.68	633.5	53.99	1005.7	51.28	341.2	56.27
Total	2267.4	100	1173.3	100	1961.4	100	606.3	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
1.096     2.991     0.349 

Recoded household type, 4 categories

Sex by Recoded household type, 4 categories(hhdtypb)

	Family, large or small		Large adult HH		Other		Single person HH		Two adults HH
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	171.2	57.08	385.2	47.48	1702	49.27	140.3	39.63	571	43.7
Female	128.8	42.92	426.1	52.52	1752.1	50.73	213.7	60.37	735.7	56.3
Total	300	100	811.3	100	3454.1	100	354	100	1306.7	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
7.498     3.804     0.000 

Internet connection?

Sex by Internet connection?(hobb)

	Yes		No
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	2752.2	47.74	180.8	44.4
Female	3012.5	52.26	226.3	55.6
Total	5764.7	100	407.1	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
1.005     1.000     0.316 

Financial situation

Sex by Financial situation(iafcon)

	Does not manage well		Get by alright		Manage quite well		Manage very well
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	148.6	44.39	679.7	46.73	835.5	47.95	1004.2	46.79
Female	186.2	55.61	774.9	53.27	907.2	52.05	1142	53.21
Total	334.8	100	1454.6	100	1742.7	100	2146.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.268     2.747     0.832 

Who has the final say in big financial decisions

Sex by Who has the final say in big financial decisions(iafind)

	Respondent		Partner		Both have equal say		Another family member (e.g. son/daughter)
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	238.6	50.58	141.7	48.67	1548.3	52.28	9.6	54.64
Female	233.1	49.42	149.5	51.33	1413.4	47.72	7.9	45.36
Total	471.7	100	291.2	100	2961.7	100	17.5	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.342     2.873     0.786 

Whether happy much of the time last week

Sex by Whether happy much of the time last week(pscedd)

	Yes		No
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	2463.5	47.44	307.7	44.34
Female	2729	52.56	386.3	55.66
Total	5192.5	100	694	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
1.354     1.000     0.245 

Feels lonely?

Sex by Feels lonely?(pscede)

	Yes		No
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	314.9	38.1	2459.4	48.39
Female	511.6	61.9	2623.2	51.61
Total	826.5	100	5082.6	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

16.251 1.000 0.000

I want to give back to my community

Sex by I want to give back to my community(sclfcoa)

	Give back to community		Not so much
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	2027.9	47.37	386.1	48.75
Female	2253.3	52.63	405.9	51.25
Total	4281.2	100	792	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.302     1.000     0.582 

Whether member of a charity

Sex by Whether member of a charity(scorgch)

	Member of a charity		Not a member
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	324.9	41.48	2079.8	48.59
Female	458.3	58.52	2200.8	51.41
Total	783.2	100	4280.6	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

10.102 1.000 0.001

Whether member of a party, union or environmental groups

Sex by Whether member of a party, union or environmental groups(scorgpo)

	No		Yes
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	2046.3	46.26	358.4	56
Female	2377.6	53.74	281.5	44
Total	4423.9	100	639.9	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

14.073 1.000 0.000

Whether member of a church or other religious group

Sex by Whether member of a church or other religious group(scorgrl)

	No		Yes
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	2100.3	49.14	304.4	38.53
Female	2173.5	50.86	485.7	61.47
Total	4273.8	100	790.1	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

20.421 1.000 0.000

Whether has use of car/van, as a driver or a passenger

Sex by Whether has use of car/van, as a driver or a passenger(spcar)

	Yes		No
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	2651.6	48.98	318	39.16
Female	2762.2	51.02	494.2	60.84
Total	5413.8	100	812.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

14.185 1.000 0.000

How often respondent uses public transport

Sex by How often respondent uses public transport(sptraa)

	Monthly or less		MT once a month		Several times a week/daily
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	2216.8	48.43	392.1	45.83	360.7	45.46
Female	2360.2	51.57	463.5	54.17	432.7	54.54
Total	4577	100	855.6	100	793.4	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
1.192     1.985     0.303 

Household Tenure

Sex by Household Tenure(tenureb)

	Mortgage		Owner		Renter
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	649.4	50.78	455.7	41.3	162	41.79
Female	629.4	49.22	647.7	58.7	225.6	58.21
Total	1278.8	100	1103.4	100	387.6	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

11.548 1.935 0.000

Whether voter at the 2001 GE

Sex by Whether voter at the 2001 GE(VotGE01)

	Didn’t vote		Voted
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	108.5	41.66	631.2	44.86
Female	152	58.34	775.8	55.14
Total	260.5	100	1407	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.999     1.000     0.318 

Whether voter at the 2005 GE

Sex by Whether voter at the 2005 GE(VotGE05)

	Didn’t vote		Voted
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	125.3	44.93	695	45.29
Female	153.6	55.07	839.7	54.71
Total	278.9	100	1534.7	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.012     1.000     0.913 

Whether voter at the 2015 GE

Sex by Whether voter at the 2015 GE(VotGE15)

	Didn’t vote		Voted
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	335.1	47.57	1056.5	46.1
Female	369.3	52.43	1235	53.9
Total	704.4	100	2291.5	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.458     1.000     0.498 

Whether voter at the 2017 GE

Sex by Whether voter at the 2017 GE(VotGE17)

	Didn’t vote		Voted
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	188.2	51.15	1526.9	46.36
Female	179.7	48.85	1766.6	53.64
Total	367.9	100	3293.5	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.096     1.000     0.148 

Past voting record, dichotomic

Sex by Past voting record, dichotomic(VotRec2)

	None		Voted in the past
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	37.4	57.36	670.9	43.87
Female	27.8	42.64	858.4	56.13
Total	65.2	100	1529.3	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
4.443     1.000     0.035 

Past voting record, v1

Sex by Past voting record, v1(VotRec0)

	1-2		3-4		None
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	114.1	42.66	556.8	44.13	37.4	57.36
Female	153.3	57.34	705	55.87	27.8	42.64
Total	267.4	100	1261.8	100	65.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.443     1.994     0.087 

Past voting record, v2

Sex by Past voting record, v2(VotRec01)

	2		3-4		None or 1
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	80.2	41.26	556.8	44.13	71.2	51.57
Female	114.3	58.74	705	55.87	66.9	48.43
Total	194.5	100	1261.8	100	138.1	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
1.921     1.992     0.147 

NS-SEC 5 category

Sex by NS-SEC 5 category(w10nssec5)

	Higher MAP		Intermediate		Semi-routine/routine		Small emp, lower superv.
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	502.8	50.8	77.2	30.58	292.7	43.01	244.8	62.39
Female	486.9	49.2	175.1	69.42	387.8	56.99	147.6	37.61
Total	989.7	100	252.3	100	680.5	100	392.4	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

10.786 2.963 0.000

Economic activity

Sex by Economic activity(wpdes)

	FT carer + unemp.		In employment		LT sick/disabled		Retired (inc part)
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	92.4	30.73	1312.1	52.41	143.7	41.85	1403.7	45.99
Female	208.2	69.27	1191.4	47.59	199.6	58.15	1648.8	54.01
Total	300.6	100	2503.5	100	343.3	100	3052.5	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
9.642     2.865     0.000 

Whether voter at the 2019 GE

Sex by Whether voter at the 2019 GE(VotGE19)

	Didn’t vote		Voted
	Freq	%	Freq	%
Male	400.6	46.72	2081.9	47.2
Female	456.9	53.28	2328.7	52.8
Total	857.5	100	4410.6	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.034     1.000     0.854 

4.3. Age, 2 & 3 categories

Gap: actual and perceived age (exact)

Age 2 category by Gap: actual and perceived age (exact)(AgeGap31)

	Feels older than age		Feels their age		Feels younger than age
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	545.7	77.11	630.5	66.15	2610.9	64.56
70+	162	22.89	322.7	33.85	1433.3	35.44
Total	707.7	100	953.2	100	4044.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

17.469 1.997 0.000

Age 3 category by Gap: actual and perceived age (exact)(AgeGap31)

	Feels older than age		Feels their age		Feels younger than age
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	545.7	77.11	630.5	66.15	2610.9	64.56
70-79	112.9	15.95	220.1	23.09	1003.8	24.82
80+	49.1	6.94	102.6	10.77	429.5	10.62
Total	707.7	100	953.2	100.01	4044.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

10.254 3.888 0.000

Gap: actual and perceived age (3 years)

Age 2 category by Gap: actual and perceived age (3 years)(AgeGap32)

	Feels > 3 years older		Feels > 3 years younger		Feels within 3 years of actual age
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	370.3	79.89	2445.1	64.12	971.7	68.03
70+	93.2	20.11	1368.2	35.88	456.5	31.97
Total	463.5	100	3813.3	100	1428.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

19.462 1.997 0.000

Age 3 category by Gap: actual and perceived age (3 years)(AgeGap32)

	Feels > 3 years older		Feels > 3 years younger		Feels within 3 years of actual age
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	370.3	79.89	2445.1	64.12	971.7	68.03
70-79	71.5	15.42	956.1	25.07	309.2	21.65
80+	21.8	4.69	412.2	10.81	147.3	10.32
Total	463.6	100	3813.4	100	1428.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

12.016 3.853 0.000

Self-rated mental abilities V2

Age 2 category by Self-rated mental abilities V2(cfmap2)

	Excellent/v good		Good/Fair		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	1780.7	73.37	1977.2	60.86	96.4	71.27
70+	646.1	26.63	1271.3	39.14	38.9	28.73
Total	2426.8	100	3248.5	100	135.3	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
42.64      2.00      0.00 

Age 3 category by Self-rated mental abilities V2(cfmap2)

	Excellent/v good		Good/Fair		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	1780.7	73.37	1977.2	60.86	96.4	71.27
70-79	487	20.07	854.3	26.3	16.2	11.97
80+	159.1	6.56	417	12.84	22.7	16.75
Total	2426.8	100	3248.5	100	135.3	99.99

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

31.363 3.866 0.000

Self-rated mental abilities V3

Age 2 category by Self-rated mental abilities V3(cfmap3)

	Excellent/v good		Fair		Good		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	1780.7	73.37	472.5	59.69	1504.7	61.24	96.4	71.27
70+	646.1	26.63	319	40.31	952.3	38.76	38.9	28.73
Total	2426.8	100	791.5	100	2457	100	135.3	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

26.698 2.969 0.000

Age 3 category by Self-rated mental abilities V3(cfmap3)

	Excellent/v good		Fair		Good		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	1780.7	73.37	472.5	59.69	1504.7	61.24	96.4	71.27
70-79	487	20.07	198.8	25.11	655.5	26.68	16.2	11.97
80+	159.1	6.56	120.3	15.19	296.8	12.08	22.7	16.75
Total	2426.8	100	791.6	99.99	2457	100	135.3	99.99

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
20.74      5.73      0.00 

Self-rated memory V2

Age 2 category by Self-rated memory V2(cfmetm2)

	Excellent/v good		Good/Fair		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	1163.3	78	2456.8	62.63	228.2	58.36
70+	328	22	1465.7	37.37	162.8	41.64
Total	1491.3	100	3922.5	100	391	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

52.136 1.975 0.000

Age 3 category by Self-rated memory V2(cfmetm2)

	Excellent/v good		Good/Fair		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	1163.3	78	2456.8	62.63	228.2	58.36
70-79	242.9	16.29	1023.2	26.08	92.8	23.73
80+	85.1	5.71	442.5	11.28	70	17.91
Total	1491.3	100	3922.5	99.99	391	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

35.077 3.830 0.000

Self-rated memory V3

Age 2 category by Self-rated memory V3(cfmetm3)

	Excellent/v good		Fair		Good		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	1163.3	78	845.2	58.13	1611.6	65.29	228.2	58.36
70+	328	22	608.8	41.87	856.9	34.71	162.8	41.64
Total	1491.3	100	1454	100	2468.5	100	391	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

39.482 2.970 0.000

Age 3 category by Self-rated memory V3(cfmetm3)

	Excellent/v good		Fair		Good		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	1163.3	78	845.2	58.13	1611.6	65.29	228.2	58.36
70-79	242.9	16.29	419.1	28.82	604.1	24.47	92.8	23.73
80+	85.1	5.71	189.7	13.05	252.8	10.24	70	17.91
Total	1491.3	100	1454	100	2468.5	100	391	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

26.304 5.744 0.000

Whether has any grandchildren

Age 2 category by Whether has any grandchildren(digran)

	Has gchild		None
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	830.1	88.37	1633.1	90.27
70+	109.2	11.63	176.1	9.73
Total	939.3	100	1809.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.410     1.000     0.121 

Age 3 category by Whether has any grandchildren(digran)

	Has gchild		None
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	830.1	88.37	1633.1	90.27
70-79	74.4	7.92	128.9	7.13
80+	34.9	3.71	47.1	2.61
Total	939.4	100	1809.1	100.01

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
1.773     1.990     0.170 

Marital/relationship status

Age 2 category by Marital/relationship status(dimarr)

	Divorced/separated		Married/SP		Single		Widowed
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	691.7	75.27	2576.2	65.95	625.8	87.3	134.3	24.71
70+	227.3	24.73	1330.2	34.05	91.1	12.7	409.1	75.29
Total	919	100	3906.4	100	716.9	100	543.4	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

179.656 2.967 0.000

Age 3 category by Marital/relationship status(dimarr)

	Divorced/separated		Married/SP		Single		Widowed
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	691.7	75.27	2576.2	65.95	625.8	87.3	134.3	24.71
70-79	174.8	19.02	995.5	25.48	62.3	8.7	188	34.59
80+	52.5	5.71	334.7	8.57	28.7	4	221.1	40.7
Total	919	100	3906.4	100	716.8	100	543.4	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

149.863 5.788 0.000

Educational level

Age 2 category by Educational level(edqual)

	Below secondary		Further/Degree level		Other		Secondary
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	451.9	48.14	1504.8	68.1	224.3	53.88	1737.9	72.14
70+	486.8	51.86	704.8	31.9	192	46.12	671.3	27.86
Total	938.7	100	2209.6	100	416.3	100	2409.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

47.789 2.892 0.000

Age 3 category by Educational level(edqual)

	Below secondary		Further/Degree level		Other		Secondary
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	451.9	48.14	1504.8	68.1	224.3	53.88	1737.9	72.14
70-79	269.5	28.71	539.8	24.43	121.8	29.25	488.3	20.27
80+	217.3	23.15	164.9	7.47	70.2	16.86	183	7.6
Total	938.7	100	2209.5	100	416.3	99.99	2409.2	100.01

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

42.646 5.494 0.000

Volunteered

Age 2 category by Volunteered(erfvol)

	Not mentioned		Mentioned
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	3715.6	66.29	130.1	65.7
70+	1889.8	33.71	67.9	34.3
Total	5605.4	100	198	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.026     1.000     0.873 

Age 3 category by Volunteered(erfvol)

	Not mentioned		Mentioned
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	3715.6	66.29	130.1	65.7
70-79	1309.1	23.35	52.2	26.35
80+	580.7	10.36	15.7	7.95
Total	5605.4	100	198	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.920     1.946     0.396 

Cared for baby/child

Age 2 category by Cared for baby/child(erlvolba)

	Did childcare		No childcare
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	233.6	72.28	3610.9	65.92
70+	89.6	27.72	1867	34.08
Total	323.2	100	5477.9	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
4.807     1.000     0.028 

Age 3 category by Cared for baby/child(erlvolba)

	Did childcare		No childcare
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	233.6	72.28	3610.9	65.92
70-79	82.3	25.46	1277.8	23.33
80+	7.3	2.26	589.2	10.76
Total	323.2	100	5477.9	100.01

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

12.225 1.942 0.000

Whether cared for a sick/frail person

Age 2 category by Whether cared for a sick/frail person(erlvolpe)

	Cared for sick/frail		Not a carer
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	120.7	74.54	3723.7	66.03
70+	41.2	25.46	1915.3	33.97
Total	161.9	100	5639	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
4.354     1.000     0.037 

Age 3 category by Whether cared for a sick/frail person(erlvolpe)

	Cared for sick/frail		Not a carer
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	120.7	74.54	3723.7	66.03
70-79	31.3	19.3	1328.8	23.56
80+	10	6.17	586.5	10.4
Total	162	100.01	5639	99.99

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
3.159     1.819     0.047 

White vs Non-white

Age 2 category by White vs Non-white(ethnic)

	White		Non-White
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	622.3	24.32	46.1	57.56
70+	1936	75.68	34	42.44
Total	2558.3	100	80.1	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

45.878 1.000 0.000

Age 3 category by White vs Non-white(ethnic)

	White		Non-White
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	622.3	24.32	46.1	57.56
70-79	1336.9	52.26	19.8	24.69
80+	599.1	23.42	14.2	17.76
Total	2558.3	100	80.1	100.01

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

23.899 1.977 0.000

Whether reckon that will live to be 85 yo or more (dichotomic)

Age 2 category by Whether reckon that will live to be 85 yo or more (dichotomic)(exlo90d)

	No		Yes
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	2236	52.11	1797	99.83
70+	2054.5	47.89	3.1	0.17
Total	4290.5	100	1800.1	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

1559.112 1.000 0.000

Age 3 category by Whether reckon that will live to be 85 yo or more (dichotomic)(exlo90d)

	No		Yes
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	2236	52.11	1797	99.83
70-79	1418.2	33.05	2.5	0.14
80+	636.3	14.83	0.7	0.04
Total	4290.5	99.99	1800.2	100.01

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

837.998 1.968 0.000

Too little money to spend on their needs?

Age 2 category by Too little money to spend on their needs?(exrela)

	Never/rarely		Often/M of the T		Sometimes
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	2679.7	62.35	385.1	88.06	780	74.02
70+	1618.3	37.65	52.2	11.94	273.7	25.98
Total	4298	100	437.3	100	1053.7	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

60.739 2.000 0.000

Age 3 category by Too little money to spend on their needs?(exrela)

	Never/rarely		Often/M of the T		Sometimes
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	2679.7	62.35	385.1	88.06	780	74.02
70-79	1112.5	25.88	40.4	9.23	200.7	19.04
80+	505.9	11.77	11.8	2.71	73.1	6.93
Total	4298.1	100	437.3	100	1053.8	99.99

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

34.995 3.917 0.000

Difficulty bathing or showering

Age 2 category by Difficulty bathing or showering(headlba)

	Not mentioned		Mentioned
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	3678.5	66.81	354.5	60.65
70+	1827.6	33.19	230	39.35
Total	5506.1	100	584.5	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
5.944     1.000     0.015 

Age 3 category by Difficulty bathing or showering(headlba)

	Not mentioned		Mentioned
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	3678.5	66.81	354.5	60.65
70-79	1291.9	23.46	128.7	22.02
80+	535.7	9.73	101.3	17.33
Total	5506.1	100	584.5	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

13.418 1.896 0.000

Difficulty getting in and out of bed

Age 2 category by Difficulty getting in and out of bed(headlbe)

	Not mentioned		Mentioned
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	3725.3	66.18	307.7	66.65
70+	1903.7	33.82	154	33.35
Total	5629	100	461.7	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.030     1.000     0.863 

Age 3 category by Difficulty getting in and out of bed(headlbe)

	Not mentioned		Mentioned
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	3725.3	66.18	307.7	66.65
70-79	1322.1	23.49	98.5	21.34
80+	581.6	10.33	55.4	12.01
Total	5629	100	461.6	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.856     1.921     0.421 

Self-reported general health V2

Age 2 category by Self-reported general health V2(hehelf2)

	Excel/V good		Good/Fair		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	1659.2	74.28	1875.9	61.34	371.9	62.48
70+	574.5	25.72	1182.2	38.66	223.4	37.52
Total	2233.7	100	3058.1	100	595.3	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

39.100 1.963 0.000

Age 3 category by Self-reported general health V2(hehelf2)

	Excel/V good		Good/Fair		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	1659.2	74.28	1875.9	61.34	371.9	62.48
70-79	441.1	19.75	797.5	26.08	134.9	22.67
80+	133.5	5.97	384.7	12.58	88.4	14.86
Total	2233.8	100	3058.1	100	595.2	100.01

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

28.758 3.779 0.000

Self-reported general health V3

Age 2 category by Self-reported general health V3(hehelf3)

	Excel/V good		Fair		Good		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	1659.2	74.28	667	58.65	1208.9	62.93	371.9	62.48
70+	574.5	25.72	470.3	41.35	712	37.07	223.4	37.52
Total	2233.7	100	1137.3	100	1920.9	100	595.3	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

27.256 2.963 0.000

Age 3 category by Self-reported general health V3(hehelf3)

	Excel/V good		Fair		Good		Poor
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	1659.2	74.28	667	58.65	1208.9	62.93	371.9	62.48
70-79	441.1	19.75	305.6	26.87	491.9	25.61	134.9	22.67
80+	133.5	5.97	164.7	14.48	220	11.46	88.4	14.86
Total	2233.8	100	1137.3	100	1920.8	100	595.2	100.01

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

20.369 5.692 0.000

Recoded household type, 4 categories

Age 2 category by Recoded household type, 4 categories(hhdtypb)

	Family, large or small		Large adult HH		Other		Single person HH		Two adults HH
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	159.7	53.25	251.9	31.15	3364.1	97.51	74.4	23.15	182.9	15.11
70+	140.2	46.75	556.7	68.85	85.9	2.49	247	76.85	1027.8	84.89
Total	299.9	100	808.6	100	3450	100	321.4	100	1210.7	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

995.999 3.990 0.000

Age 3 category by Recoded household type, 4 categories(hhdtypb)

	Family, large or small		Large adult HH		Other		Single person HH		Two adults HH
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	159.7	53.25	251.9	31.15	3364.1	97.51	74.4	23.15	182.9	15.11
70-79	128.5	42.85	462	57.14	63.4	1.84	141.4	43.98	625.3	51.65
80+	11.7	3.9	94.7	11.71	22.6	0.65	105.6	32.86	402.4	33.24
Total	299.9	100	808.6	100	3450.1	100	321.4	99.99	1210.6	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

544.950 7.958 0.000

Internet connection?

Age 2 category by Internet connection?(hobb)

	Yes		No
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	3867	68.05	127.3	35.51
70+	1815.5	31.95	231.2	64.49
Total	5682.5	100	358.5	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

79.369 1.000 0.000

Age 3 category by Internet connection?(hobb)

	Yes		No
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	3867	68.05	127.3	35.51
70-79	1305.9	22.98	107.6	30
80+	509.6	8.97	123.6	34.49
Total	5682.5	100	358.5	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

91.653 1.777 0.000

Financial situation

Age 2 category by Financial situation(iafcon)

	Does not manage well		Get by alright		Manage quite well		Manage very well
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	303.5	91.67	1015.5	71.78	1101.9	64.61	1257.7	59.97
70+	27.6	8.33	399.2	28.22	603.6	35.39	839.7	40.03
Total	331.1	100	1414.7	100	1705.5	100	2097.4	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

44.052 2.978 0.000

Age 3 category by Financial situation(iafcon)

	Does not manage well		Get by alright		Manage quite well		Manage very well
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	303.5	91.67	1015.5	71.78	1101.9	64.61	1257.7	59.97
70-79	24.4	7.36	265.6	18.77	413.4	24.24	581.2	27.71
80+	3.2	0.97	133.6	9.44	190.2	11.15	258.5	12.32
Total	331.1	100	1414.7	99.99	1705.5	100	2097.4	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

25.804 5.822 0.000

Who has the final say in big financial decisions

Age 2 category by Who has the final say in big financial decisions(iafind)

	Respondent		Partner		Both have equal say		Another family member (e.g. son/daughter)
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	298.7	64.72	217.6	74.71	2004.1	68.14	6.7	45.62
70+	162.8	35.28	73.7	25.29	937.2	31.86	8	54.38
Total	461.5	100	291.3	100	2941.3	100	14.7	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.918     2.995     0.033 

Age 3 category by Who has the final say in big financial decisions(iafind)

	Respondent		Partner		Both have equal say		Another family member (e.g. son/daughter)
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	298.7	64.72	217.6	74.71	2004.1	68.14	6.7	45.62
70-79	108	23.39	58	19.91	721	24.51	4.5	30.65
80+	54.9	11.88	15.7	5.38	216.2	7.35	3.5	23.73
Total	461.6	99.99	291.3	100	2941.3	100	14.7	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
3.527     5.756     0.002 

Sex

Age 2 category by Sex(indsex)

	Male		Female
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	1974	67.71	2059	64.85
70+	941.6	32.29	1116.1	35.15
Total	2915.6	100	3175.1	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
4.487     1.000     0.034 

Age 3 category by Sex(indsex)

	Male		Female
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	1974	67.71	2059	64.85
70-79	669.3	22.95	751.4	23.66
80+	272.3	9.34	364.7	11.49
Total	2915.6	100	3175.1	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
4.264     1.935     0.015 

Whether happy much of the time last week

Age 2 category by Whether happy much of the time last week(pscedd)

	Yes		No
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	3345.5	65.68	484.8	71.09
70+	1748.3	34.32	197.2	28.91
Total	5093.8	100	682	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
6.485     1.000     0.011 

Age 3 category by Whether happy much of the time last week(pscedd)

	Yes		No
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	3345.5	65.68	484.8	71.09
70-79	1223.6	24.02	128.8	18.89
80+	524.7	10.3	68.4	10.03
Total	5093.8	100	682	100.01

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
4.530     1.949     0.011 

Feels lonely?

Age 2 category by Feels lonely?(pscede)

	Yes		No
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	524.5	66.06	3320.6	66.37
70+	269.5	33.94	1682.8	33.63
Total	794	100	5003.4	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.022     1.000     0.883 

Age 3 category by Feels lonely?(pscede)

	Yes		No
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	524.5	66.06	3320.6	66.37
70-79	160.7	20.24	1195.6	23.9
80+	108.8	13.7	487.3	9.74
Total	794	100	5003.5	100.01

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
6.563     1.926     0.002 

I want to give back to my community

Age 2 category by I want to give back to my community(sclfcoa)

	Give back to community		Not so much
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	2858.2	67.56	468.8	60.52
70+	1372.2	32.44	305.8	39.48
Total	4230.4	100	774.6	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

10.515 1.000 0.001

Age 3 category by I want to give back to my community(sclfcoa)

	Give back to community		Not so much
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	2858.2	67.56	468.8	60.52
70-79	1012	23.92	209.9	27.09
80+	360.2	8.51	95.9	12.38
Total	4230.4	99.99	774.6	99.99

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
8.110     1.903     0.000 

Whether member of a charity

Age 2 category by Whether member of a charity(scorgch)

	Member of a charity		Not a member
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	427.5	55.22	2848.2	67.58
70+	346.7	44.78	1366.3	32.42
Total	774.2	100	4214.5	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

38.354 1.000 0.000

Age 3 category by Whether member of a charity(scorgch)

	Member of a charity		Not a member
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	427.5	55.22	2848.2	67.58
70-79	251.7	32.51	972.5	23.08
80+	95	12.27	393.7	9.34
Total	774.2	100	4214.4	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

22.887 1.934 0.000

Whether member of a party, union or environmental groups

Age 2 category by Whether member of a party, union or environmental groups(scorgpo)

	No		Yes
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	2790.3	64.06	485.5	76.73
70+	1565.7	35.94	147.2	23.27
Total	4356	100	632.7	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

39.041 1.000 0.000

Age 3 category by Whether member of a party, union or environmental groups(scorgpo)

	No		Yes
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	2790.3	64.06	485.5	76.73
70-79	1114.8	25.59	109.4	17.29
80+	450.9	10.35	37.8	5.98
Total	4356	100	632.7	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

23.001 1.947 0.000

Whether member of a church or other religious group

Age 2 category by Whether member of a church or other religious group(scorgrl)

	No		Yes
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	2882.8	68.23	393	51.44
70+	1342.1	31.77	370.9	48.56
Total	4224.9	100	763.9	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

60.943 1.000 0.000

Age 3 category by Whether member of a church or other religious group(scorgrl)

	No		Yes
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	2882.8	68.23	393	51.44
70-79	986.9	23.36	237.3	31.07
80+	355.2	8.41	133.5	17.48
Total	4224.9	100	763.8	99.99

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

46.021 1.885 0.000

Whether has use of car/van, as a driver or a passenger

Age 2 category by Whether has use of car/van, as a driver or a passenger(spcar)

	Yes		No
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	3589.6	67.22	443.4	59.1
70+	1750.8	32.78	306.9	40.9
Total	5340.4	100	750.3	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

12.857 1.000 0.000

Age 3 category by Whether has use of car/van, as a driver or a passenger(spcar)

	Yes		No
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	3589.6	67.22	443.4	59.1
70-79	1253.4	23.47	167.2	22.29
80+	497.4	9.31	139.6	18.61
Total	5340.4	100	750.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

25.154 1.894 0.000

How often respondent uses public transport

Age 2 category by How often respondent uses public transport(sptraa)

	Monthly or less		MT once a month		Several times a week/daily
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	3020	67.73	516	60.55	497	63.73
70+	1438.6	32.27	336.3	39.45	282.8	36.27
Total	4458.6	100	852.3	100	779.8	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
7.538     1.997     0.001 

Age 3 category by How often respondent uses public transport(sptraa)

	Monthly or less		MT once a month		Several times a week/daily
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	3020	67.73	516	60.55	497	63.73
70-79	983.7	22.06	241.1	28.29	195.8	25.1
80+	454.8	10.2	95.1	11.16	87	11.16
Total	4458.5	99.99	852.2	100	779.8	99.99

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
4.864     3.856     0.001 

Household Tenure

Age 2 category by Household Tenure(tenureb)

	Mortgage		Owner		Renter
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	433.7	33.97	136.2	13.52	99	27.87
70+	843	66.03	871.3	86.48	256.2	72.13
Total	1276.7	100	1007.5	100	355.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

62.213 1.970 0.000

Age 3 category by Household Tenure(tenureb)

	Mortgage		Owner		Renter
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	433.7	33.97	136.2	13.52	99	27.87
70-79	711.3	55.71	472.2	46.86	173.6	48.87
80+	131.7	10.32	399.1	39.62	82.6	23.26
Total	1276.7	100	1007.5	100	355.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

78.624 3.925 0.000

Whether voter at the 2001 GE

Age 2 category by Whether voter at the 2001 GE(VotGE01)

	Didn’t vote		Voted
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	3.1	1.23	41.2	3.2
70+	247.3	98.77	1247.3	96.8
Total	250.4	100	1288.5	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
5.126     1.000     0.024 

Age 3 category by Whether voter at the 2001 GE(VotGE01)

	Didn’t vote		Voted
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	3.1	1.23	41.2	3.2
70-79	188.7	75.35	823.6	63.92
80+	58.6	23.42	423.7	32.88
Total	250.4	100	1288.5	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
9.082     1.916     0.000 

Whether voter at the 2005 GE

Age 2 category by Whether voter at the 2005 GE(VotGE05)

	Didn’t vote		Voted
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	68.1	25.19	287.2	20.22
70+	202.2	74.81	1133	79.78
Total	270.3	100	1420.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
3.137     1.000     0.077 

Age 3 category by Whether voter at the 2005 GE(VotGE05)

	Didn’t vote		Voted
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	68.1	25.19	287.2	20.22
70-79	142.2	52.6	744.1	52.39
80+	60	22.21	388.9	27.38
Total	270.3	100	1420.2	99.99

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.421     1.993     0.089 

Whether voter at the 2015 GE

Age 2 category by Whether voter at the 2015 GE(VotGE15)

	Didn’t vote		Voted
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	246.1	35.75	840.8	38.34
70+	442.3	64.25	1352	61.66
Total	688.4	100	2192.8	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
1.355     1.000     0.244 

Age 3 category by Whether voter at the 2015 GE(VotGE15)

	Didn’t vote		Voted
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	246.1	35.75	840.8	38.34
70-79	333.8	48.48	902.9	41.18
80+	108.6	15.77	449.1	20.48
Total	688.5	100	2192.8	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
6.834     1.969     0.001 

Whether voter at the 2017 GE

Age 2 category by Whether voter at the 2017 GE(VotGE17)

	Didn’t vote		Voted
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	233.3	64.15	1510.3	47.29
70+	130.4	35.85	1683.3	52.71
Total	363.7	100	3193.6	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

29.506 1.000 0.000

Age 3 category by Whether voter at the 2017 GE(VotGE17)

	Didn’t vote		Voted
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	233.3	64.15	1510.3	47.29
70-79	88	24.2	1175.6	36.81
80+	42.4	11.65	507.8	15.9
Total	363.7	100	3193.7	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

16.695 1.969 0.000

Past voting record, dichotomic

Age 2 category by Past voting record, dichotomic(VotRec2)

	None		Voted in the past
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	0.7	1.18	43	3.07
70+	62.4	98.82	1359.4	96.93
Total	63.1	100	1402.4	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.994     1.000     0.319 

Age 3 category by Past voting record, dichotomic(VotRec2)

	None		Voted in the past
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	0.7	1.18	43	3.07
70-79	41.9	66.45	919.4	65.56
80+	20.4	32.37	440	31.37
Total	63	100	1402.4	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
0.404     1.929     0.660 

Past voting record, v1

Age 2 category by Past voting record, v1(VotRec0)

	1-2		3-4		None
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	3	1.24	40	3.46	0.7	1.18
70+	242.8	98.76	1116.7	96.54	62.4	98.82
Total	245.8	100	1156.7	100	63.1	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.990     1.990     0.051 

Age 3 category by Past voting record, v1(VotRec0)

	1-2		3-4		None
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	3	1.24	40	3.46	0.7	1.18
70-79	183.4	74.63	736	63.63	41.9	66.45
80+	59.3	24.13	380.7	32.91	20.4	32.37
Total	245.7	100	1156.7	100	63	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
3.767     3.845     0.005 

Past voting record, v2

Age 2 category by Past voting record, v2(VotRec01)

	2		3-4		None or 1
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	1.2	0.65	40	3.46	2.6	2.01
70+	176.5	99.35	1116.7	96.54	128.7	97.99
Total	177.7	100	1156.7	100	131.3	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
3.606     1.983     0.028 

Age 3 category by Past voting record, v2(VotRec01)

	2		3-4		None or 1
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	1.2	0.65	40	3.46	2.6	2.01
70-79	133.5	75.19	736	63.63	91.8	69.94
80+	42.9	24.16	380.7	32.91	36.8	28.05
Total	177.6	100	1156.7	100	131.2	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
3.852     3.820     0.005 

NS-SEC 5 category

Age 2 category by NS-SEC 5 category(w10nssec5)

	Higher MAP		Intermediate		Semi-routine/routine		Small emp, lower superv.
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	963.7	97.55	242.7	96.18	662.2	97.45	372.7	94.98
70+	24.2	2.45	9.6	3.82	17.3	2.55	19.7	5.02
Total	987.9	100	252.3	100	679.5	100	392.4	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
3.208     2.964     0.023 

Age 3 category by NS-SEC 5 category(w10nssec5)

	Higher MAP		Intermediate		Semi-routine/routine		Small emp, lower superv.
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	963.7	97.55	242.7	96.18	662.2	97.45	372.7	94.98
70-79	19.7	1.99	8	3.18	14	2.06	18.3	4.65
80+	4.5	0.46	1.6	0.64	3.3	0.48	1.5	0.37
Total	987.9	100	252.3	100	679.5	99.99	392.5	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 
2.305     5.777     0.034 

Economic activity

Age 2 category by Economic activity(wpdes)

	FT carer + unemp.		In employment		LT sick/disabled		Retired (inc part)
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	277.7	92.96	2415.8	96.5	321.1	93.53	994.4	34.06
70+	21	7.04	87.7	3.5	22.2	6.47	1924.7	65.94
Total	298.7	100	2503.5	100	343.3	100	2919.1	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

851.741 2.949 0.000

Age 3 category by Economic activity(wpdes)

	FT carer + unemp.		In employment		LT sick/disabled		Retired (inc part)
	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	277.7	92.96	2415.8	96.5	321.1	93.53	994.4	34.06
70-79	14	4.68	78.4	3.13	15.3	4.44	1311	44.91
80+	7.1	2.36	9.3	0.37	7	2.03	613.7	21.03
Total	298.8	100	2503.5	100	343.4	100	2919.1	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

452.704 5.792 0.000

Whether voter at the 2019 GE

Age 2 category by Whether voter at the 2019 GE(VotGE19)

	Didn’t vote		Voted
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	658.2	77.52	2715.5	62.65
70+	190.8	22.48	1618.8	37.35
Total	849	100	4334.3	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

54.119 1.000 0.000

Age 3 category by Whether voter at the 2019 GE(VotGE19)

	Didn’t vote		Voted
	Freq	%	Freq	%
50-69	658.2	77.52	2715.5	62.65
70-79	126.5	14.9	1151.5	26.57
80+	64.4	7.58	467.3	10.78
Total	849.1	100	4334.3	100

[1] “Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment”

    F       ndf X-squared 

31.252 1.964 0.000

5. Further descriptives

This section presents:

• Unweighted three way tables of age (two categories) and sex by whether voted at the 2019 general elections. These are unweighted due to the small number of observations for a significant number of categories.

• Plot of cross-sectional (weighted) proportions of 50+ who cast their ballot at the GE, by election year, sex and age

5.1 IVs by age, sex and whether voted at the 2019 GE

Gap: actual and perceived age (exact)

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Feels older than age	Feels their age	Feels younger than age
Didn’t vote	26 (23.9%)	35 (18.6%)	119 (13.9%)
Voted	83 (76.1%)	153 (81.4%)	736 (86.1%)
Total	109	188	855

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Feels older than age	Feels their age	Feels younger than age
Didn’t vote	50 (25.9%)	41 (15.4%)	168 (14.6%)
Voted	143 (74.1%)	225 (84.6%)	983 (85.4%)
Total	193	266	1151

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Feels older than age	Feels their age	Feels younger than age
Didn’t vote	14 (17.1%)	13 (6.8%)	63 (7.7%)
Voted	68 (82.9%)	178 (93.2%)	755 (92.3%)
Total	82	191	818

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Feels older than age	Feels their age	Feels younger than age
Didn’t vote	9 (9.0%)	30 (13.1%)	108 (9.9%)
Voted	91 (91.0%)	199 (86.9%)	979 (90.1%)
Total	100	229	1087

Gap: actual and perceived age (3 years)

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Feels > 3 years older	Feels > 3 years younger	Feels within 3 years of actual age
Didn’t vote	19 (31.1%)	116 (14.3%)	45 (16.0%)
Voted	42 (68.9%)	693 (85.7%)	237 (84.0%)
Total	61	809	282

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Feels > 3 years older	Feels > 3 years younger	Feels within 3 years of actual age
Didn’t vote	36 (27.5%)	160 (14.6%)	63 (16.5%)
Voted	95 (72.5%)	937 (85.4%)	319 (83.5%)
Total	131	1097	382

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Feels > 3 years older	Feels > 3 years younger	Feels within 3 years of actual age
Didn’t vote	7 (20.0%)	59 (7.6%)	24 (8.6%)
Voted	28 (80.0%)	717 (92.4%)	256 (91.4%)
Total	35	776	280

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Feels > 3 years older	Feels > 3 years younger	Feels within 3 years of actual age
Didn’t vote	8 (12.7%)	99 (9.5%)	40 (13.0%)
Voted	55 (87.3%)	947 (90.5%)	267 (87.0%)
Total	63	1046	307

Self-rated mental abilities V2

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Excellent/v good	Good/Fair	Poor
Didn’t vote	72 (11.4%)	107 (20.6%)	3 (21.4%)
Voted	559 (88.6%)	412 (79.4%)	11 (78.6%)
Total	631	519	14

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Excellent/v good	Good/Fair	Poor
Didn’t vote	81 (11.7%)	170 (18.7%)	16 (43.2%)
Voted	610 (88.3%)	739 (81.3%)	21 (56.8%)
Total	691	909	37

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Excellent/v good	Good/Fair	Poor
Didn’t vote	32 (7.3%)	57 (8.7%)	2 (9.1%)
Voted	405 (92.7%)	598 (91.3%)	20 (90.9%)
Total	437	655	22

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Excellent/v good	Good/Fair	Poor
Didn’t vote	35 (7.4%)	113 (12.0%)	2 (11.1%)
Voted	437 (92.6%)	832 (88.0%)	16 (88.9%)
Total	472	945	18

Self-rated mental abilities V3

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Excellent/v good	Fair	Good	Poor
Didn’t vote	72 (11.4%)	30 (33.0%)	77 (18.0%)	3 (21.4%)
Voted	559 (88.6%)	61 (67.0%)	351 (82.0%)	11 (78.6%)
Total	631	91	428	14

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Excellent/v good	Fair	Good	Poor
Didn’t vote	81 (11.7%)	55 (26.2%)	115 (16.5%)	16 (43.2%)
Voted	610 (88.3%)	155 (73.8%)	584 (83.5%)	21 (56.8%)
Total	691	210	699	37

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Excellent/v good	Fair	Good	Poor
Didn’t vote	32 (7.3%)	18 (12.2%)	39 (7.7%)	2 (9.1%)
Voted	405 (92.7%)	130 (87.8%)	468 (92.3%)	20 (90.9%)
Total	437	148	507	22

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Excellent/v good	Fair	Good	Poor
Didn’t vote	35 (7.4%)	43 (19.3%)	70 (9.7%)	2 (11.1%)
Voted	437 (92.6%)	180 (80.7%)	652 (90.3%)	16 (88.9%)
Total	472	223	722	18

Self-rated memory V2

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Excellent/v good	Good/Fair	Poor
Didn’t vote	50 (12.5%)	120 (16.7%)	12 (27.9%)
Voted	350 (87.5%)	600 (83.3%)	31 (72.1%)
Total	400	720	43

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Excellent/v good	Good/Fair	Poor
Didn’t vote	45 (10.3%)	196 (17.6%)	26 (30.2%)
Voted	390 (89.7%)	920 (82.4%)	60 (69.8%)
Total	435	1116	86

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Excellent/v good	Good/Fair	Poor
Didn’t vote	15 (8.1%)	66 (7.9%)	10 (10.8%)
Voted	170 (91.9%)	770 (92.1%)	83 (89.2%)
Total	185	836	93

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Excellent/v good	Good/Fair	Poor
Didn’t vote	25 (9.0%)	113 (10.7%)	11 (11.5%)
Voted	252 (91.0%)	948 (89.3%)	85 (88.5%)
Total	277	1061	96

Self-rated memory V3

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Excellent/v good	Fair	Good	Poor
Didn’t vote	50 (12.5%)	50 (22.0%)	70 (14.2%)	12 (27.9%)
Voted	350 (87.5%)	177 (78.0%)	423 (85.8%)	31 (72.1%)
Total	400	227	493	43

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Excellent/v good	Fair	Good	Poor
Didn’t vote	45 (10.3%)	73 (19.2%)	123 (16.7%)	26 (30.2%)
Voted	390 (89.7%)	308 (80.8%)	612 (83.3%)	60 (69.8%)
Total	435	381	735	86

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Excellent/v good	Fair	Good	Poor
Didn’t vote	15 (8.1%)	27 (8.2%)	39 (7.7%)	10 (10.8%)
Voted	170 (91.9%)	304 (91.8%)	466 (92.3%)	83 (89.2%)
Total	185	331	505	93

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Excellent/v good	Fair	Good	Poor
Didn’t vote	25 (9.0%)	53 (12.8%)	60 (9.3%)	11 (11.5%)
Voted	252 (91.0%)	361 (87.2%)	587 (90.7%)	85 (88.5%)
Total	277	414	647	96

Whether has any grandchildren

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Has gchild	None
Didn’t vote	35 (17.4%)	51 (12.0%)
Voted	166 (82.6%)	375 (88.0%)
Total	201	426

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Has gchild	None
Didn’t vote	70 (21.5%)	79 (14.0%)
Voted	256 (78.5%)	486 (86.0%)
Total	326	565

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Has gchild	None
Didn’t vote	1 (3.2%)	8 (7.3%)
Voted	30 (96.8%)	102 (92.7%)
Total	31	110

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Has gchild	None
Didn’t vote	11 (21.6%)	8 (6.8%)
Voted	40 (78.4%)	109 (93.2%)
Total	51	117

Marital/relationship status

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Divorced/separated	Married/SP	Single	Widowed
Didn’t vote	28 (17.6%)	106 (13.2%)	46 (24.5%)	5 (18.5%)
Voted	131 (82.4%)	695 (86.8%)	142 (75.5%)	22 (81.5%)
Total	159	801	188	27

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Divorced/separated	Married/SP	Single	Widowed
Didn’t vote	89 (27.3%)	123 (12.3%)	38 (18.3%)	19 (18.4%)
Voted	237 (72.7%)	881 (87.7%)	170 (81.7%)	84 (81.6%)
Total	326	1004	208	103

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Divorced/separated	Married/SP	Single	Widowed
Didn’t vote	11 (10.6%)	61 (7.3%)	9 (14.8%)	13 (10.4%)
Voted	93 (89.4%)	777 (92.7%)	52 (85.2%)	112 (89.6%)
Total	104	838	61	125

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Divorced/separated	Married/SP	Single	Widowed
Didn’t vote	29 (15.3%)	58 (7.4%)	9 (14.1%)	55 (13.8%)
Voted	160 (84.7%)	730 (92.6%)	55 (85.9%)	344 (86.2%)
Total	189	788	64	399

Educational level

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Below secondary	Further/Degree level	Other	Secondary
Didn’t vote	33 (37.1%)	58 (9.9%)	11 (18.0%)	80 (19.6%)
Voted	56 (62.9%)	527 (90.1%)	50 (82.0%)	328 (80.4%)
Total	89	585	61	408

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Below secondary	Further/Degree level	Other	Secondary
Didn’t vote	50 (36.8%)	66 (10.0%)	12 (15.6%)	136 (18.5%)
Voted	86 (63.2%)	591 (90.0%)	65 (84.4%)	600 (81.5%)
Total	136	657	77	736

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Below secondary	Further/Degree level	Other	Secondary
Didn’t vote	20 (15.4%)	30 (5.1%)	10 (18.2%)	34 (9.6%)
Voted	110 (84.6%)	557 (94.9%)	45 (81.8%)	321 (90.4%)
Total	130	587	55	355

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Below secondary	Further/Degree level	Other	Secondary
Didn’t vote	61 (20.7%)	25 (5.0%)	12 (8.1%)	53 (10.7%)
Voted	234 (79.3%)	477 (95.0%)	136 (91.9%)	442 (89.3%)
Total	295	502	148	495

Volunteered

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Not mentioned	Mentioned
Didn’t vote	179 (15.8%)	2 (7.1%)
Voted	956 (84.2%)	26 (92.9%)
Total	1135	28

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Not mentioned	Mentioned
Didn’t vote	257 (16.5%)	10 (13.3%)
Voted	1300 (83.5%)	65 (86.7%)
Total	1557	75

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Not mentioned	Mentioned
Didn’t vote	90 (8.4%)	0 (0.0%)
Voted	987 (91.6%)	39 (100.0%)
Total	1077	39

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Not mentioned	Mentioned
Didn’t vote	149 (10.9%)	1 (1.5%)
Voted	1220 (89.1%)	64 (98.5%)
Total	1369	65

Cared for baby/child

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Did childcare	No childcare
Didn’t vote	7 (18.4%)	174 (15.5%)
Voted	31 (81.6%)	951 (84.5%)
Total	38	1125

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Did childcare	No childcare
Didn’t vote	13 (10.7%)	254 (16.8%)
Voted	108 (89.3%)	1256 (83.2%)
Total	121	1510

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Did childcare	No childcare
Didn’t vote	1 (2.8%)	89 (8.3%)
Voted	35 (97.2%)	989 (91.7%)
Total	36	1078

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Did childcare	No childcare
Didn’t vote	9 (10.1%)	141 (10.5%)
Voted	80 (89.9%)	1204 (89.5%)
Total	89	1345

Whether cared for a sick/frail person

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Cared for sick/frail	Not a carer
Didn’t vote	4 (13.8%)	177 (15.6%)
Voted	25 (86.2%)	957 (84.4%)
Total	29	1134

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Cared for sick/frail	Not a carer
Didn’t vote	10 (17.9%)	257 (16.3%)
Voted	46 (82.1%)	1318 (83.7%)
Total	56	1575

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Cared for sick/frail	Not a carer
Didn’t vote	2 (10.5%)	88 (8.0%)
Voted	17 (89.5%)	1007 (92.0%)
Total	19	1095

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Cared for sick/frail	Not a carer
Didn’t vote	1 (2.3%)	149 (10.7%)
Voted	43 (97.7%)	1241 (89.3%)
Total	44	1390

White vs Non-white

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	White	Non-White
Didn’t vote	37 (11.9%)	4 (25.0%)
Voted	275 (88.1%)	12 (75.0%)
Total	312	16

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	White	Non-White
Didn’t vote	53 (12.7%)	5 (20.8%)
Voted	365 (87.3%)	19 (79.2%)
Total	418	24

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	White	Non-White
Didn’t vote	86 (8.1%)	3 (21.4%)
Voted	981 (91.9%)	11 (78.6%)
Total	1067	14

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	White	Non-White
Didn’t vote	132 (9.7%)	0 (0.0%)
Voted	1228 (90.3%)	12 (100.0%)
Total	1360	12

Whether reckon that will live to be 85 yo or more (dichotomic)

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	No	Yes
Didn’t vote	97 (15.2%)	88 (16.3%)
Voted	541 (84.8%)	451 (83.7%)
Total	638	539

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	No	Yes
Didn’t vote	158 (21.2%)	111 (12.4%)
Voted	587 (78.8%)	786 (87.6%)
Total	745	897

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	No	Yes
Didn’t vote	94 (8.3%)	0 (0.0%)
Voted	1032 (91.7%)	2 (100.0%)
Total	1126	2

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	No	Yes
Didn’t vote	151 (10.5%)	0 (0.0%)
Voted	1287 (89.5%)	2 (100.0%)
Total	1438	2

Too little money to spend on their needs?

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Never/rarely	Often/M of the T	Sometimes
Didn’t vote	122 (13.1%)	20 (32.3%)	39 (23.6%)
Voted	811 (86.9%)	42 (67.7%)	126 (76.4%)
Total	933	62	165

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Never/rarely	Often/M of the T	Sometimes
Didn’t vote	157 (12.8%)	35 (33.3%)	74 (24.4%)
Voted	1067 (87.2%)	70 (66.7%)	229 (75.6%)
Total	1224	105	303

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Never/rarely	Often/M of the T	Sometimes
Didn’t vote	66 (6.8%)	5 (25.0%)	19 (16.5%)
Voted	908 (93.2%)	15 (75.0%)	96 (83.5%)
Total	974	20	115

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Never/rarely	Often/M of the T	Sometimes
Didn’t vote	119 (9.8%)	3 (8.3%)	26 (14.2%)
Voted	1091 (90.2%)	33 (91.7%)	157 (85.8%)
Total	1210	36	183

Difficulty bathing or showering

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Not mentioned	Mentioned
Didn’t vote	165 (14.8%)	20 (32.8%)
Voted	951 (85.2%)	41 (67.2%)
Total	1116	61

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Not mentioned	Mentioned
Didn’t vote	231 (15.2%)	38 (30.9%)
Voted	1288 (84.8%)	85 (69.1%)
Total	1519	123

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Not mentioned	Mentioned
Didn’t vote	81 (7.8%)	13 (15.5%)
Voted	963 (92.2%)	71 (84.5%)
Total	1044	84

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Not mentioned	Mentioned
Didn’t vote	128 (9.8%)	23 (16.8%)
Voted	1175 (90.2%)	114 (83.2%)
Total	1303	137

Difficulty getting in and out of bed

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Not mentioned	Mentioned
Didn’t vote	170 (15.1%)	15 (30.0%)
Voted	957 (84.9%)	35 (70.0%)
Total	1127	50

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Not mentioned	Mentioned
Didn’t vote	232 (15.3%)	37 (30.6%)
Voted	1289 (84.7%)	84 (69.4%)
Total	1521	121

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Not mentioned	Mentioned
Didn’t vote	84 (7.9%)	10 (16.9%)
Voted	985 (92.1%)	49 (83.1%)
Total	1069	59

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Not mentioned	Mentioned
Didn’t vote	134 (10.0%)	17 (17.5%)
Voted	1209 (90.0%)	80 (82.5%)
Total	1343	97

Self-reported general health V2

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Excel/V good	Good/Fair	Poor
Didn’t vote	61 (11.0%)	93 (17.1%)	31 (39.2%)
Voted	494 (89.0%)	450 (82.9%)	48 (60.8%)
Total	555	543	79

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Excel/V good	Good/Fair	Poor
Didn’t vote	80 (10.1%)	143 (19.5%)	46 (40.0%)
Voted	714 (89.9%)	590 (80.5%)	69 (60.0%)
Total	794	733	115

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Excel/V good	Good/Fair	Poor
Didn’t vote	23 (6.3%)	58 (8.7%)	13 (13.7%)
Voted	344 (93.7%)	608 (91.3%)	82 (86.3%)
Total	367	666	95

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Excel/V good	Good/Fair	Poor
Didn’t vote	32 (6.7%)	93 (11.2%)	26 (20.0%)
Voted	444 (93.3%)	740 (88.8%)	104 (80.0%)
Total	476	833	130

Self-reported general health V3

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Excel/V good	Fair	Good	Poor
Didn’t vote	61 (11.0%)	31 (18.3%)	62 (16.6%)	31 (39.2%)
Voted	494 (89.0%)	138 (81.7%)	312 (83.4%)	48 (60.8%)
Total	555	169	374	79

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Excel/V good	Fair	Good	Poor
Didn’t vote	80 (10.1%)	65 (24.2%)	78 (16.8%)	46 (40.0%)
Voted	714 (89.9%)	204 (75.8%)	386 (83.2%)	69 (60.0%)
Total	794	269	464	115

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Excel/V good	Fair	Good	Poor
Didn’t vote	23 (6.3%)	24 (9.1%)	34 (8.5%)	13 (13.7%)
Voted	344 (93.7%)	240 (90.9%)	368 (91.5%)	82 (86.3%)
Total	367	264	402	95

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Excel/V good	Fair	Good	Poor
Didn’t vote	32 (6.7%)	41 (14.4%)	52 (9.5%)	26 (20.0%)
Voted	444 (93.3%)	243 (85.6%)	497 (90.5%)	104 (80.0%)
Total	476	284	549	130

Recoded household type, 4 categories

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Family, large or small	Large adult HH	Other	Single person HH	Two adults HH
Didn’t vote	9 (10.7%)	10 (9.3%)	144 (17.0%)	10 (19.2%)	12 (14.0%)
Voted	75 (89.3%)	97 (90.7%)	704 (83.0%)	42 (80.8%)	74 (86.0%)
Total	84	107	848	52	86

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Family, large or small	Large adult HH	Other	Single person HH	Two adults HH
Didn’t vote	14 (15.6%)	15 (8.6%)	211 (17.6%)	12 (23.5%)	17 (13.5%)
Voted	76 (84.4%)	160 (91.4%)	989 (82.4%)	39 (76.5%)	109 (86.5%)
Total	90	175	1200	51	126

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Family, large or small	Large adult HH	Other	Single person HH	Two adults HH
Didn’t vote	11 (11.1%)	26 (8.5%)	5 (10.9%)	12 (9.6%)	40 (7.2%)
Voted	88 (88.9%)	280 (91.5%)	41 (89.1%)	113 (90.4%)	512 (92.8%)
Total	99	306	46	125	552

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Family, large or small	Large adult HH	Other	Single person HH	Two adults HH
Didn’t vote	5 (6.9%)	27 (7.9%)	19 (28.4%)	31 (14.0%)	69 (9.4%)
Voted	67 (93.1%)	315 (92.1%)	48 (71.6%)	191 (86.0%)	668 (90.6%)
Total	72	342	67	222	737

Internet connection?

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Yes	No
Didn’t vote	162 (14.4%)	20 (52.6%)
Voted	966 (85.6%)	18 (47.4%)
Total	1128	38

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Yes	No
Didn’t vote	254 (16.0%)	13 (30.2%)
Voted	1336 (84.0%)	30 (69.8%)
Total	1590	43

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Yes	No
Didn’t vote	77 (7.4%)	17 (19.5%)
Voted	958 (92.6%)	70 (80.5%)
Total	1035	87

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Yes	No
Didn’t vote	116 (9.0%)	34 (24.3%)
Voted	1178 (91.0%)	106 (75.7%)
Total	1294	140

Financial situation

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Does not manage well	Get by alright	Manage quite well	Manage very well
Didn’t vote	18 (39.1%)	45 (18.4%)	59 (18.5%)	49 (10.6%)
Voted	28 (60.9%)	200 (81.6%)	260 (81.5%)	415 (89.4%)
Total	46	245	319	464

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Does not manage well	Get by alright	Manage quite well	Manage very well
Didn’t vote	25 (30.5%)	81 (24.3%)	88 (18.5%)	59 (9.1%)
Voted	57 (69.5%)	253 (75.7%)	387 (81.5%)	587 (90.9%)
Total	82	334	475	646

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Does not manage well	Get by alright	Manage quite well	Manage very well
Didn’t vote	3 (37.5%)	20 (11.6%)	28 (8.6%)	36 (6.9%)
Voted	5 (62.5%)	152 (88.4%)	296 (91.4%)	488 (93.1%)
Total	8	172	324	524

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Does not manage well	Get by alright	Manage quite well	Manage very well
Didn’t vote	2 (11.1%)	36 (14.1%)	50 (12.1%)	53 (8.2%)
Voted	16 (88.9%)	220 (85.9%)	363 (87.9%)	591 (91.8%)
Total	18	256	413	644

Who has the final say in big financial decisions

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Respondent	Partner	Both have equal say	Another family member (e.g. son/daughter)
Didn’t vote	7 (8.2%)	13 (26.0%)	81 (12.5%)	0 (0.0%)
Voted	78 (91.8%)	37 (74.0%)	565 (87.5%)	3 (100.0%)
Total	85	50	646	3

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Respondent	Partner	Both have equal say	Another family member (e.g. son/daughter)
Didn’t vote	21 (17.8%)	14 (19.4%)	97 (11.8%)	0 (0.0%)
Voted	97 (82.2%)	58 (80.6%)	724 (88.2%)	2 (100.0%)
Total	118	72	821	2

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Respondent	Partner	Both have equal say	Another family member (e.g. son/daughter)
Didn’t vote	11 (12.4%)	6 (17.1%)	38 (5.9%)	1 (33.3%)
Voted	78 (87.6%)	29 (82.9%)	603 (94.1%)	2 (66.7%)
Total	89	35	641	3

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Respondent	Partner	Both have equal say	Another family member (e.g. son/daughter)
Didn’t vote	10 (11.8%)	4 (7.7%)	40 (7.2%)	0 (0.0%)
Voted	75 (88.2%)	48 (92.3%)	519 (92.8%)	4 (100.0%)
Total	85	52	559	4

Sex

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Male	Female
Didn’t vote	185 (15.7%)	0 (NaN%)
Voted	992 (84.3%)	0 (NaN%)
Total	1177	0

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Male	Female
Didn’t vote	0 (NaN%)	269 (16.4%)
Voted	0 (NaN%)	1373 (83.6%)
Total	0	1642

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Male	Female
Didn’t vote	94 (8.3%)	0 (NaN%)
Voted	1034 (91.7%)	0 (NaN%)
Total	1128	0

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Male	Female
Didn’t vote	0 (NaN%)	151 (10.5%)
Voted	0 (NaN%)	1289 (89.5%)
Total	0	1440

Whether happy much of the time last week

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Yes	No
Didn’t vote	161 (15.4%)	21 (18.1%)
Voted	885 (84.6%)	95 (81.9%)
Total	1046	116

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Yes	No
Didn’t vote	224 (15.5%)	40 (22.2%)
Voted	1220 (84.5%)	140 (77.8%)
Total	1444	180

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Yes	No
Didn’t vote	76 (7.4%)	15 (18.3%)
Voted	952 (92.6%)	67 (81.7%)
Total	1028	82

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Yes	No
Didn’t vote	131 (10.2%)	17 (11.6%)
Voted	1150 (89.8%)	129 (88.4%)
Total	1281	146

Feels lonely?

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Yes	No
Didn’t vote	25 (23.4%)	157 (14.9%)
Voted	82 (76.6%)	899 (85.1%)
Total	107	1056

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Yes	No
Didn’t vote	62 (27.8%)	205 (14.6%)
Voted	161 (72.2%)	1202 (85.4%)
Total	223	1407

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Yes	No
Didn’t vote	21 (19.4%)	70 (7.0%)
Voted	87 (80.6%)	933 (93.0%)
Total	108	1003

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Yes	No
Didn’t vote	32 (15.4%)	118 (9.6%)
Voted	176 (84.6%)	1108 (90.4%)
Total	208	1226

I want to give back to my community

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Give back to community	Not so much
Didn’t vote	141 (14.0%)	39 (24.8%)
Voted	863 (86.0%)	118 (75.2%)
Total	1004	157

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Give back to community	Not so much
Didn’t vote	197 (13.9%)	64 (31.7%)
Voted	1218 (86.1%)	138 (68.3%)
Total	1415	202

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Give back to community	Not so much
Didn’t vote	61 (6.7%)	23 (13.9%)
Voted	848 (93.3%)	142 (86.1%)
Total	909	165

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Give back to community	Not so much
Didn’t vote	88 (8.0%)	33 (14.5%)
Voted	1010 (92.0%)	194 (85.5%)
Total	1098	227

Whether member of a charity

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Member of a charity	Not a member
Didn’t vote	9 (6.3%)	167 (16.6%)
Voted	134 (93.7%)	842 (83.4%)
Total	143	1009

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Member of a charity	Not a member
Didn’t vote	19 (6.7%)	231 (17.6%)
Voted	264 (93.3%)	1078 (82.4%)
Total	283	1309

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Member of a charity	Not a member
Didn’t vote	7 (3.2%)	78 (9.0%)
Voted	214 (96.8%)	789 (91.0%)
Total	221	867

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Member of a charity	Not a member
Didn’t vote	19 (6.0%)	115 (11.0%)
Voted	298 (94.0%)	931 (89.0%)
Total	317	1046

Whether member of a party, union or environmental groups

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	No	Yes
Didn’t vote	156 (16.4%)	20 (10.0%)
Voted	796 (83.6%)	180 (90.0%)
Total	952	200

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	No	Yes
Didn’t vote	236 (17.1%)	14 (6.5%)
Voted	1141 (82.9%)	201 (93.5%)
Total	1377	215

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	No	Yes
Didn’t vote	80 (8.3%)	5 (4.0%)
Voted	883 (91.7%)	120 (96.0%)
Total	963	125

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	No	Yes
Didn’t vote	130 (10.4%)	4 (3.4%)
Voted	1115 (89.6%)	114 (96.6%)
Total	1245	118

Whether member of a church or other religious group

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	No	Yes
Didn’t vote	160 (15.5%)	16 (13.2%)
Voted	871 (84.5%)	105 (86.8%)
Total	1031	121

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	No	Yes
Didn’t vote	215 (15.8%)	35 (15.2%)
Voted	1146 (84.2%)	196 (84.8%)
Total	1361	231

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	No	Yes
Didn’t vote	72 (8.1%)	13 (6.5%)
Voted	817 (91.9%)	186 (93.5%)
Total	889	199

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	No	Yes
Didn’t vote	98 (9.7%)	36 (10.1%)
Voted	908 (90.3%)	321 (89.9%)
Total	1006	357

Whether has use of car/van, as a driver or a passenger

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Yes	No
Didn’t vote	154 (14.2%)	31 (33.3%)
Voted	930 (85.8%)	62 (66.7%)
Total	1084	93

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Yes	No
Didn’t vote	212 (14.2%)	57 (38.0%)
Voted	1280 (85.8%)	93 (62.0%)
Total	1492	150

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Yes	No
Didn’t vote	81 (7.8%)	13 (15.1%)
Voted	961 (92.2%)	73 (84.9%)
Total	1042	86

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Yes	No
Didn’t vote	110 (9.1%)	41 (17.7%)
Voted	1098 (90.9%)	191 (82.3%)
Total	1208	232

How often respondent uses public transport

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Monthly or less	MT once a month	Several times a week/daily
Didn’t vote	150 (16.7%)	18 (12.1%)	17 (12.9%)
Voted	746 (83.3%)	131 (87.9%)	115 (87.1%)
Total	896	149	132

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Monthly or less	MT once a month	Several times a week/daily
Didn’t vote	187 (15.3%)	31 (13.8%)	51 (26.3%)
Voted	1037 (84.7%)	193 (86.2%)	143 (73.7%)
Total	1224	224	194

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Monthly or less	MT once a month	Several times a week/daily
Didn’t vote	72 (8.7%)	13 (7.2%)	9 (7.3%)
Voted	753 (91.3%)	167 (92.8%)	114 (92.7%)
Total	825	180	123

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Monthly or less	MT once a month	Several times a week/daily
Didn’t vote	99 (10.1%)	23 (9.3%)	29 (13.4%)
Voted	877 (89.9%)	225 (90.7%)	187 (86.6%)
Total	976	248	216

Household Tenure

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Mortgage	Owner	Renter
Didn’t vote	23 (9.9%)	9 (12.9%)	9 (34.6%)
Voted	210 (90.1%)	61 (87.1%)	17 (65.4%)
Total	233	70	26

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Mortgage	Owner	Renter
Didn’t vote	26 (9.6%)	12 (11.7%)	20 (29.9%)
Voted	246 (90.4%)	91 (88.3%)	47 (70.1%)
Total	272	103	67

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Mortgage	Owner	Renter
Didn’t vote	44 (8.2%)	30 (6.6%)	15 (17.2%)
Voted	492 (91.8%)	428 (93.4%)	72 (82.8%)
Total	536	458	87

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Mortgage	Owner	Renter
Didn’t vote	42 (7.4%)	62 (9.3%)	27 (19.6%)
Voted	525 (92.6%)	605 (90.7%)	111 (80.4%)
Total	567	667	138

Whether voter at the 2001 GE

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Didn’t vote	Voted
Didn’t vote	1 (100.0%)	2 (10.5%)
Voted	0 (0.0%)	17 (89.5%)
Total	1	19

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Didn’t vote	Voted
Didn’t vote	1 (25.0%)	4 (10.3%)
Voted	3 (75.0%)	35 (89.7%)
Total	4	39

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Didn’t vote	Voted
Didn’t vote	29 (24.6%)	42 (5.8%)
Voted	89 (75.4%)	681 (94.2%)
Total	118	723

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Didn’t vote	Voted
Didn’t vote	46 (27.2%)	48 (5.5%)
Voted	123 (72.8%)	830 (94.5%)
Total	169	878

Whether voter at the 2005 GE

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Didn’t vote	Voted
Didn’t vote	14 (45.2%)	12 (7.9%)
Voted	17 (54.8%)	140 (92.1%)
Total	31	152

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Didn’t vote	Voted
Didn’t vote	18 (46.2%)	15 (7.3%)
Voted	21 (53.8%)	191 (92.7%)
Total	39	206

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Didn’t vote	Voted
Didn’t vote	25 (28.1%)	33 (4.9%)
Voted	64 (71.9%)	640 (95.1%)
Total	89	673

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Didn’t vote	Voted
Didn’t vote	39 (29.3%)	42 (5.1%)
Voted	94 (70.7%)	784 (94.9%)
Total	133	826

Whether voter at the 2015 GE

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Didn’t vote	Voted
Didn’t vote	31 (31.3%)	31 (8.3%)
Voted	68 (68.7%)	341 (91.7%)
Total	99	372

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Didn’t vote	Voted
Didn’t vote	41 (28.1%)	45 (9.1%)
Voted	105 (71.9%)	450 (90.9%)
Total	146	495

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Didn’t vote	Voted
Didn’t vote	40 (15.4%)	38 (5.1%)
Voted	220 (84.6%)	711 (94.9%)
Total	260	749

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Didn’t vote	Voted
Didn’t vote	61 (18.7%)	61 (6.5%)
Voted	265 (81.3%)	884 (93.5%)
Total	326	945

Whether voter at the 2017 GE

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Didn’t vote	Voted
Didn’t vote	44 (77.2%)	41 (7.1%)
Voted	13 (22.8%)	538 (92.9%)
Total	57	579

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Didn’t vote	Voted
Didn’t vote	68 (70.1%)	62 (7.8%)
Voted	29 (29.9%)	730 (92.2%)
Total	97	792

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Didn’t vote	Voted
Didn’t vote	43 (64.2%)	41 (4.2%)
Voted	24 (35.8%)	929 (95.8%)
Total	67	970

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Didn’t vote	Voted
Didn’t vote	52 (73.2%)	73 (6.0%)
Voted	19 (26.8%)	1148 (94.0%)
Total	71	1221

Past voting record, dichotomic

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	None	Voted in the past
Didn’t vote	1 (100.0%)	2 (10.5%)
Voted	0 (0.0%)	17 (89.5%)
Total	1	19

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	None	Voted in the past
Didn’t vote	0 (NaN%)	5 (11.9%)
Voted	0 (NaN%)	37 (88.1%)
Total	0	42

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	None	Voted in the past
Didn’t vote	18 (72.0%)	49 (6.3%)
Voted	7 (28.0%)	727 (93.7%)
Total	25	776

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	None	Voted in the past
Didn’t vote	24 (80.0%)	65 (6.8%)
Voted	6 (20.0%)	895 (93.2%)
Total	30	960

Past voting record, v1

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	1-2	3-4	None
Didn’t vote	0 (NaN%)	2 (10.5%)	1 (100.0%)
Voted	0 (NaN%)	17 (89.5%)	0 (0.0%)
Total	0	19	1

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	1-2	3-4	None
Didn’t vote	3 (75.0%)	2 (5.3%)	0 (NaN%)
Voted	1 (25.0%)	36 (94.7%)	0 (NaN%)
Total	4	38	0

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	1-2	3-4	None
Didn’t vote	19 (16.8%)	30 (4.5%)	18 (72.0%)
Voted	94 (83.2%)	633 (95.5%)	7 (28.0%)
Total	113	663	25

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	1-2	3-4	None
Didn’t vote	25 (17.2%)	40 (4.9%)	24 (80.0%)
Voted	120 (82.8%)	775 (95.1%)	6 (20.0%)
Total	145	815	30

Past voting record, v2

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	2	3-4	None or 1
Didn’t vote	0 (NaN%)	2 (10.5%)	1 (100.0%)
Voted	0 (NaN%)	17 (89.5%)	0 (0.0%)
Total	0	19	1

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	2	3-4	None or 1
Didn’t vote	1 (50.0%)	2 (5.3%)	2 (100.0%)
Voted	1 (50.0%)	36 (94.7%)	0 (0.0%)
Total	2	38	2

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	2	3-4	None or 1
Didn’t vote	8 (9.3%)	30 (4.5%)	29 (55.8%)
Voted	78 (90.7%)	633 (95.5%)	23 (44.2%)
Total	86	663	52

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	2	3-4	None or 1
Didn’t vote	15 (13.2%)	40 (4.9%)	34 (55.7%)
Voted	99 (86.8%)	775 (95.1%)	27 (44.3%)
Total	114	815	61

NS-SEC 5 category

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	Higher MAP	Intermediate	Semi-routine/routine	Small emp, lower superv.
Didn’t vote	27 (9.2%)	6 (12.8%)	40 (30.8%)	18 (16.5%)
Voted	267 (90.8%)	41 (87.2%)	90 (69.2%)	91 (83.5%)
Total	294	47	130	109

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	Higher MAP	Intermediate	Semi-routine/routine	Small emp, lower superv.
Didn’t vote	33 (8.8%)	24 (17.3%)	72 (32.9%)	12 (14.0%)
Voted	341 (91.2%)	115 (82.7%)	147 (67.1%)	74 (86.0%)
Total	374	139	219	86

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	Higher MAP	Intermediate	Semi-routine/routine	Small emp, lower superv.
Didn’t vote	1 (5.0%)	0 (0.0%)	3 (30.0%)	2 (20.0%)
Voted	19 (95.0%)	4 (100.0%)	7 (70.0%)	8 (80.0%)
Total	20	4	10	10

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	Higher MAP	Intermediate	Semi-routine/routine	Small emp, lower superv.
Didn’t vote	2 (8.3%)	6 (42.9%)	4 (22.2%)	5 (33.3%)
Voted	22 (91.7%)	8 (57.1%)	14 (77.8%)	10 (66.7%)
Total	24	14	18	15

Economic activity

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Male

	FT carer + unemp.	In employment	LT sick/disabled	Retired (inc part)
Didn’t vote	11 (27.5%)	95 (15.2%)	23 (42.6%)	53 (11.9%)
Voted	29 (72.5%)	531 (84.8%)	31 (57.4%)	394 (88.1%)
Total	40	626	54	447

Age: 50-69 , Sex: Female

	FT carer + unemp.	In employment	LT sick/disabled	Retired (inc part)
Didn’t vote	27 (21.8%)	139 (17.4%)	33 (39.3%)	70 (11.2%)
Voted	97 (78.2%)	661 (82.6%)	51 (60.7%)	557 (88.8%)
Total	124	800	84	627

Age: 70+ , Sex: Male

	FT carer + unemp.	In employment	LT sick/disabled	Retired (inc part)
Didn’t vote	0 (0.0%)	4 (7.0%)	1 (25.0%)	89 (8.4%)
Voted	3 (100.0%)	53 (93.0%)	3 (75.0%)	973 (91.6%)
Total	3	57	4	1062

Age: 70+ , Sex: Female

	FT carer + unemp.	In employment	LT sick/disabled	Retired (inc part)
Didn’t vote	5 (19.2%)	5 (8.5%)	2 (14.3%)	139 (10.4%)
Voted	21 (80.8%)	54 (91.5%)	12 (85.7%)	1202 (89.6%)
Total	26	59	14	1341

5.2 Voting pattern by age, sex and general election

6. Multivariate results

This section presents the results of four series of stepwise logistic regression models of voter turnout at the 2019 general election against:

1. Turnout at previous GE & socio-economic variables (not including tenure)
2. Turnout at previous GE, SEV (including housing tenure)
3. Turnout at previous GE, SEV (not including tenure), and independent variables (IVs):

• Internet connection;
• Whether lonely;
• General Health;
• Financial situation;
• Memory; Grandchildren;
• Happiness;
• Give back to community;
• Whether member of political party, union or group;
• Whether member of a charity;
• Self perceived age gap;
• Whether a carer. as well as independent variables: self-rated health, self-rated mental abilities, self-rated memory, financial situation, sense of loneliness, presence of an internet connection, involvement in volunteering socio economic characteristiscs.

4. As 3. including tenure

All models were fitted using weights.

6.1 Socio-economic variables & whether voted at previous GE

Stepwise models

Characteristic	M1		M2		M3		M4		M5		M6
	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI
Age
50-69			—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
70-79			1.70	0.62, 4.67	1.71	0.62, 4.69	2.16	0.78, 6.03	2.67	0.93, 7.63	2.76	0.96, 7.97
80+			1.15	0.41, 3.21	1.15	0.41, 3.22	1.65	0.57, 4.73	2.43	0.82, 7.23	2.55	0.85, 7.66
Sex
Male					—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Female					1.02	0.69, 1.52	1.22	0.81, 1.84	1.47	0.96, 2.24	1.48	0.96, 2.27
Marital/relationship status
Married/SP							—	—	—	—	—	—
Divorced/separated							0.34***	0.19, 0.61	0.35***	0.19, 0.62	0.32***	0.18, 0.58
Single							0.36*	0.15, 0.82	0.34*	0.14, 0.80	0.33*	0.14, 0.79
Widowed							0.39***	0.23, 0.64	0.40***	0.24, 0.68	0.40***	0.24, 0.66
Highest qualification
Secondary									—	—	—	—
Below secondary									0.46**	0.28, 0.75	0.45**	0.28, 0.75
Further/Degree level									2.25**	1.27, 4.00	2.16**	1.22, 3.83
Other									1.06	0.51, 2.22	1.06	0.50, 2.23
Economic activity
Retired (inc part)											—	—
FT carer + unemp.											0.36	0.08, 1.64
In employment											2.14	0.62, 7.38
LT sick/disabled											4,680,017	0.00, Inf
Past GE turnout
None	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Voted in the past	35.2***	17.9, 69.2	36.3***	18.4, 71.5	36.2***	18.3, 71.5	35.7***	17.8, 71.6	30.2***	14.7, 61.7	34.5***	16.3, 72.9
AIC	843		842		844		824		794		792
Log-likelihood	-420		-417		-417		-404		-386		-382
No. Obs.	1,837		1,837		1,837		1,837		1,837		1,837
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio
1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001

Coefficient plot of Models 6

6.2 SEV incl. tenure & turnout at previous GE

Stepwise models

Characteristic	M1		M2		M3		M4		M5		M6		M7
	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI
Age
50-69			—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
70-79			1.77	0.64, 4.85	1.76	0.64, 4.83	2.17	0.78, 6.05	2.68	0.94, 7.64	2.77	0.96, 7.97	2.76	0.96, 7.94
80+			1.15	0.41, 3.21	1.14	0.41, 3.20	1.63	0.57, 4.67	2.38	0.80, 7.07	2.49	0.83, 7.47	2.36	0.78, 7.10
Sex
Male					—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Female					0.96	0.64, 1.44	1.14	0.75, 1.73	1.36	0.88, 2.10	1.38	0.89, 2.13	1.36	0.88, 2.11
Marital/relationship status
Married/SP							—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Divorced/separated							0.40**	0.22, 0.72	0.40**	0.22, 0.73	0.37**	0.20, 0.68	0.39**	0.21, 0.73
Single							0.35*	0.15, 0.81	0.33*	0.14, 0.78	0.33*	0.14, 0.77	0.33*	0.14, 0.79
Widowed							0.39***	0.23, 0.64	0.40***	0.24, 0.68	0.39***	0.23, 0.66	0.40***	0.24, 0.68
Highest qualification
Secondary									—	—	—	—	—	—
Below secondary									0.44**	0.26, 0.72	0.44**	0.26, 0.72	0.45**	0.27, 0.75
Further/Degree level									2.04*	1.14, 3.66	1.96*	1.10, 3.51	1.94*	1.08, 3.48
Other									1.00	0.48, 2.10	1.00	0.47, 2.10	1.01	0.48, 2.12
Economic activity
Retired (inc part)											—	—	—	—
FT carer + unemp.											0.37	0.08, 1.68	0.36	0.08, 1.66
In employment											2.09	0.61, 7.22	2.08	0.60, 7.19
LT sick/disabled											4,311,282	0.00, Inf	5,267,548	0.00, Inf
Housing tenure
Owner													—	—
Mortgage													0.83	0.51, 1.34
Renter													0.66	0.36, 1.22
Past GE turnout
None	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Voted in the past	34.2***	17.3, 67.4	35.7***	18.0, 71.0	35.8***	18.0, 71.1	34.5***	17.1, 69.7	30.0***	14.6, 61.6	34.1***	16.1, 72.2	33.8***	15.7, 72.9
AIC	824		822		824		806		778		777		777
Log-likelihood	-410		-407		-407		-395		-378		-374		-373
No. Obs.	1,815		1,815		1,815		1,815		1,815		1,815		1,815
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio
1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001

Coefficients plot of Models 7

6.3 SEV, turnout at previous GE, independent variables

Stepwise models

Characteristic	M1		M2		M3		M4		M5		M6		M7		M8		M9
	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI
Internet connection?
Yes	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
No	0.61	0.31, 1.21	0.61	0.30, 1.20	0.60	0.30, 1.20	0.59	0.29, 1.17	0.59	0.30, 1.19	0.59	0.30, 1.19	0.60	0.30, 1.21	0.60	0.30, 1.21	0.62	0.31, 1.25
Felt lonely
Yes			—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
No			1.28	0.66, 2.48	1.23	0.62, 2.44	1.20	0.60, 2.41	1.25	0.62, 2.53	1.26	0.62, 2.55	1.25	0.61, 2.54	1.24	0.61, 2.53	1.21	0.59, 2.50
Self-rated general health
Excel/V good					—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Fair					1.16	0.58, 2.34	1.22	0.59, 2.51	1.20	0.58, 2.50	1.20	0.57, 2.50	1.21	0.58, 2.52	1.23	0.59, 2.57	1.23	0.57, 2.62
Good					1.06	0.58, 1.95	1.08	0.59, 2.00	1.08	0.58, 1.99	1.08	0.58, 1.99	1.09	0.59, 2.02	1.11	0.60, 2.05	1.08	0.58, 2.00
Poor					0.76	0.32, 1.81	0.79	0.33, 1.91	0.75	0.30, 1.83	0.75	0.30, 1.85	0.78	0.31, 1.93	0.79	0.32, 1.96	0.83	0.32, 2.15
How getting along financially
Does not manage well							—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Get by alright							1.77	0.27, 11.5	1.83	0.28, 12.0	1.83	0.27, 12.2	1.73	0.26, 11.6	1.72	0.26, 11.5	1.71	0.24, 12.0
Manage quite well							2.26	0.35, 14.4	2.35	0.37, 15.1	2.36	0.36, 15.5	2.23	0.34, 14.7	2.21	0.34, 14.5	2.12	0.31, 14.7
Manage very well							2.28	0.36, 14.5	2.36	0.37, 15.1	2.37	0.36, 15.5	2.21	0.34, 14.6	2.20	0.33, 14.5	2.16	0.31, 14.9
Self-rated mental health
Excellent/v good									—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Fair									0.97	0.43, 2.18	0.97	0.43, 2.18	0.97	0.43, 2.17	0.98	0.44, 2.19	0.92	0.41, 2.09
Good									0.64	0.31, 1.34	0.64	0.31, 1.34	0.64	0.31, 1.34	0.64	0.31, 1.34	0.61	0.29, 1.29
Poor									1.06	0.30, 3.72	1.06	0.30, 3.73	1.06	0.30, 3.75	1.04	0.29, 3.69	0.98	0.27, 3.52
Happy last week?
Yes											—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
No											1.01	0.43, 2.35	1.05	0.45, 2.48	1.06	0.45, 2.49	1.10	0.46, 2.62
Give back to community?
Give back to community													—	—	—	—	—	—
Not so much													0.71	0.40, 1.26	0.72	0.40, 1.27	0.71	0.40, 1.26
Unpaid carer
Cared for sick/frail															—	—	—	—
Not a carer															0.51	0.05, 5.08	0.52	0.05, 5.23
Perceived/actual age gap (+-3 years)
Feels > 3 years older																	—	—
Feels > 3 years younger																	1.87	0.61, 5.71
Feels within 3 years of actual age																	2.49	0.77, 8.06
Past GE turnout
None	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Voted in the past	39.5***	16.3, 95.7	38.4***	15.8, 93.4	36.7***	14.9, 89.9	37.2***	15.2, 91.4	39.7***	16.1, 98.0	39.7***	16.0, 98.4	39.7***	16.0, 98.6	40.0***	16.1, 99.6	44.0***	17.3, 112
AIC	600		600		605		609		610		612		613		614		616
Log-likelihood	-285		-284		-284		-282		-280		-280		-279		-279		-278
No. Obs.	1,529		1,529		1,529		1,529		1,529		1,529		1,529		1,529		1,529
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio
1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001

Coefficients plot of Models 9

6.4 SEVs and IVs, turnout at previous GE and tenure

Stepwise models

Characteristic	M1		M2		M3		M4		M5		M6		M7		M8		M9
	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI
Internet connection?
Yes	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
No	0.66	0.32, 1.34	0.65	0.32, 1.33	0.65	0.32, 1.32	0.63	0.31, 1.29	0.64	0.31, 1.31	0.64	0.31, 1.31	0.65	0.32, 1.34	0.65	0.32, 1.34	0.67	0.32, 1.38
Felt lonely
Yes			—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
No			1.28	0.65, 2.50	1.22	0.61, 2.44	1.19	0.59, 2.41	1.25	0.61, 2.53	1.25	0.61, 2.55	1.23	0.60, 2.53	1.23	0.60, 2.52	1.20	0.58, 2.48
Self-rated general health
Excel/V good					—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Fair					1.11	0.55, 2.27	1.17	0.56, 2.44	1.15	0.55, 2.42	1.15	0.54, 2.42	1.16	0.55, 2.45	1.18	0.56, 2.49	1.18	0.55, 2.56
Good					1.02	0.55, 1.88	1.04	0.56, 1.92	1.03	0.55, 1.92	1.03	0.55, 1.92	1.05	0.56, 1.95	1.06	0.57, 1.98	1.04	0.55, 1.94
Poor					0.73	0.30, 1.75	0.76	0.31, 1.84	0.72	0.29, 1.77	0.72	0.29, 1.79	0.75	0.30, 1.87	0.76	0.30, 1.90	0.80	0.31, 2.09
How getting along financially
Does not manage well							—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Get by alright							1.72	0.26, 11.2	1.76	0.27, 11.6	1.77	0.26, 11.8	1.67	0.25, 11.2	1.66	0.25, 11.1	1.66	0.24, 11.7
Manage quite well							2.15	0.34, 13.7	2.23	0.35, 14.3	2.23	0.34, 14.7	2.10	0.32, 13.9	2.08	0.32, 13.8	2.01	0.29, 14.0
Manage very well							2.20	0.35, 14.0	2.28	0.35, 14.6	2.28	0.35, 15.0	2.13	0.32, 14.1	2.12	0.32, 14.0	2.10	0.30, 14.5
Self-rated mental health
Excellent/v good									—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Fair									0.99	0.44, 2.21	0.99	0.44, 2.21	0.98	0.44, 2.20	0.99	0.44, 2.21	0.94	0.41, 2.12
Good									0.67	0.32, 1.39	0.67	0.32, 1.39	0.66	0.32, 1.39	0.66	0.32, 1.39	0.64	0.30, 1.34
Poor									1.09	0.31, 3.84	1.09	0.31, 3.85	1.09	0.31, 3.87	1.07	0.30, 3.82	1.02	0.28, 3.65
Happy last week?
Yes											—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
No											1.00	0.43, 2.34	1.05	0.44, 2.48	1.05	0.44, 2.48	1.09	0.46, 2.61
Give back to community?
Give back to community													—	—	—	—	—	—
Not so much													0.71	0.40, 1.25	0.71	0.40, 1.27	0.70	0.39, 1.26
Unpaid carer
Cared for sick/frail															—	—	—	—
Not a carer															0.54	0.05, 5.49	0.55	0.05, 5.57
Perceived/actual age gap (+-3 years)
Feels > 3 years older																	—	—
Feels > 3 years younger																	1.87	0.61, 5.71
Feels within 3 years of actual age																	2.45	0.76, 7.92
Past GE turnout
None	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Voted in the past	41.0***	16.6, 101	40.2***	16.3, 99.4	38.3***	15.4, 95.3	38.9***	15.6, 97.0	41.1***	16.4, 103	41.1***	16.3, 103	40.8***	16.2, 103	41.2***	16.3, 104	44.7***	17.4, 115
AIC	596		597		601		605		608		609		610		612		614
Log-likelihood	-281		-280		-280		-279		-277		-277		-276		-276		-275
No. Obs.	1,515		1,515		1,515		1,515		1,515		1,515		1,515		1,515		1,515
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio
1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001

Coefficients plot of Models 9

6.5 No previous turnout: - Socio-economic variables

Stepwise models

Characteristic	M1		M2		M3		M4		M5
	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI
Age
50-69	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
70-79	2.21***	1.81, 2.71	2.22***	1.81, 2.71	2.06***	1.67, 2.54	2.30***	1.86, 2.85	1.61***	1.24, 2.07
80+	1.77***	1.34, 2.33	1.77***	1.35, 2.33	1.75***	1.30, 2.34	2.38***	1.75, 3.24	1.60**	1.14, 2.25
Sex
Male			—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Female			0.95	0.82, 1.11	1.00	0.86, 1.16	1.09	0.93, 1.28	1.12	0.96, 1.32
Marital/relationship status
Married/SP					—	—	—	—	—	—
Divorced/separated					0.49***	0.40, 0.59	0.51***	0.42, 0.62	0.54***	0.44, 0.66
Single					0.49***	0.39, 0.61	0.53***	0.42, 0.66	0.59***	0.47, 0.75
Widowed					0.65**	0.49, 0.87	0.71*	0.53, 0.96	0.68*	0.50, 0.92
Highest qualification
Secondary							—	—	—	—
Below secondary							0.46***	0.38, 0.57	0.49***	0.40, 0.61
Further/Degree level							2.31***	1.90, 2.81	2.15***	1.77, 2.62
Other							1.31	0.95, 1.82	1.27	0.91, 1.76
Economic activity
Retired (inc part)									—	—
FT carer + unemp.									0.48***	0.34, 0.68
In employment									0.67***	0.54, 0.84
LT sick/disabled									0.27***	0.20, 0.37
AIC	4,668		4,669		4,587		4,400		4,333
Log-likelihood	-2,331		-2,331		-2,286		-2,190		-2,153
No. Obs.	5,257		5,257		5,257		5,257		5,257
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio
1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001

Coefficient plot of Models 6

6.6 No previous turnout: - SEV incl. tenure

Stepwise models

Characteristic	M1		M2		M3		M4		M5		M6
	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI
Age
50-69	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
70-79	1.59**	1.18, 2.13	1.59**	1.18, 2.14	1.50**	1.11, 2.03	1.61**	1.18, 2.19	1.60**	1.17, 2.19	1.58**	1.15, 2.17
80+	1.27	0.89, 1.80	1.27	0.89, 1.81	1.35	0.92, 1.96	1.69**	1.15, 2.49	1.69**	1.13, 2.51	1.64*	1.08, 2.49
Sex
Male			—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Female			0.93	0.72, 1.20	1.03	0.79, 1.34	1.21	0.92, 1.59	1.25	0.94, 1.64	1.24	0.94, 1.64
Marital/relationship status
Married/SP					—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Divorced/separated					0.44***	0.30, 0.63	0.45***	0.31, 0.65	0.44***	0.31, 0.64	0.53**	0.36, 0.77
Single					0.32***	0.20, 0.49	0.31***	0.20, 0.48	0.31***	0.20, 0.49	0.36***	0.23, 0.58
Widowed					0.49***	0.34, 0.70	0.53***	0.37, 0.76	0.52***	0.36, 0.74	0.55**	0.38, 0.80
Highest qualification
Secondary							—	—	—	—	—	—
Below secondary							0.50***	0.36, 0.69	0.50***	0.36, 0.70	0.55***	0.39, 0.77
Further/Degree level							1.85***	1.30, 2.63	1.85***	1.30, 2.64	1.78**	1.24, 2.54
Other							0.71	0.44, 1.12	0.72	0.45, 1.15	0.72	0.45, 1.15
Economic activity
Retired (inc part)									—	—	—	—
FT carer + unemp.									0.30*	0.12, 0.76	0.30*	0.12, 0.76
In employment									1.04	0.64, 1.68	0.98	0.60, 1.58
LT sick/disabled									0.56	0.22, 1.42	0.68	0.26, 1.78
Housing tenure
Owner											—	—
Mortgage											1.02	0.74, 1.42
Renter											0.54**	0.37, 0.78
AIC	1,822		1,824		1,779		1,732		1,729		1,720
Log-likelihood	-908		-908		-883		-856		-852		-845
No. Obs.	3,192		3,192		3,192		3,192		3,192		3,192
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio
1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001

Coefficients plot of Models 7

6.7 No previous turnout: - SEV + independent variables

Stepwise models

Characteristic	M1		M2		M3		M4		M5		M6		M7		M8		M9
	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI
Internet connection?
Yes	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
No	0.44***	0.31, 0.61	0.45***	0.32, 0.62	0.45***	0.32, 0.63	0.45***	0.32, 0.63	0.45***	0.32, 0.63	0.46***	0.33, 0.64	0.49***	0.35, 0.69	0.49***	0.35, 0.69	0.49***	0.35, 0.69
Felt lonely
Yes			—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
No			1.43**	1.13, 1.82	1.21	0.95, 1.55	1.20	0.94, 1.53	1.19	0.93, 1.52	1.26	0.98, 1.63	1.26	0.98, 1.63	1.26	0.98, 1.63	1.27	0.98, 1.64
Self-rated general health
Excel/V good					—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Fair					0.59***	0.46, 0.76	0.61***	0.47, 0.79	0.63***	0.48, 0.82	0.61***	0.47, 0.80	0.62***	0.47, 0.81	0.62***	0.47, 0.81	0.61***	0.46, 0.80
Good					0.57***	0.45, 0.71	0.58***	0.47, 0.73	0.59***	0.47, 0.74	0.59***	0.47, 0.74	0.59***	0.47, 0.74	0.59***	0.47, 0.74	0.59***	0.47, 0.74
Poor					0.25***	0.18, 0.35	0.27***	0.19, 0.38	0.27***	0.19, 0.38	0.26***	0.18, 0.36	0.26***	0.19, 0.37	0.27***	0.19, 0.38	0.26***	0.18, 0.37
How getting along financially
Does not manage well							—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Get by alright							1.14	0.80, 1.62	1.15	0.81, 1.64	1.17	0.82, 1.68	1.20	0.84, 1.71	1.19	0.83, 1.71	1.18	0.82, 1.69
Manage quite well							0.97	0.67, 1.38	0.97	0.68, 1.39	1.00	0.70, 1.44	1.02	0.71, 1.46	1.02	0.71, 1.46	1.01	0.70, 1.45
Manage very well							1.38	0.95, 2.02	1.37	0.94, 2.00	1.42	0.97, 2.07	1.40	0.96, 2.05	1.40	0.96, 2.05	1.39	0.95, 2.03
Self-rated mental health
Excellent/v good									—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Fair									0.82	0.63, 1.07	0.80	0.61, 1.05	0.80	0.61, 1.04	0.80	0.61, 1.04	0.79	0.60, 1.04
Good									0.78*	0.61, 0.98	0.78*	0.61, 0.98	0.76*	0.60, 0.96	0.76*	0.60, 0.96	0.76*	0.60, 0.96
Poor									0.85	0.57, 1.27	0.82	0.55, 1.22	0.82	0.55, 1.22	0.82	0.55, 1.22	0.81	0.54, 1.21
Happy last week?
Yes											—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
No											1.35*	1.02, 1.80	1.38*	1.03, 1.84	1.38*	1.03, 1.84	1.37*	1.02, 1.83
Give back to community?
Give back to community													—	—	—	—	—	—
Not so much													0.64***	0.51, 0.80	0.64***	0.51, 0.80	0.64***	0.51, 0.79
Unpaid carer
Cared for sick/frail															—	—	—	—
Not a carer															0.86	0.50, 1.49	0.86	0.50, 1.48
Perceived/actual age gap (+-3 years)
Feels > 3 years older																	—	—
Feels > 3 years younger																	0.92	0.66, 1.29
Feels within 3 years of actual age																	1.01	0.71, 1.43
AIC	3,616		3,608		3,544		3,540		3,541		3,536		3,520		3,522		3,526
Log-likelihood	-1,794		-1,789		-1,754		-1,749		-1,747		-1,743		-1,734		-1,734		-1,734
No. Obs.	4,536		4,536		4,536		4,536		4,536		4,536		4,536		4,536		4,536
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio
1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001

Coefficients plot of Models 9

6.7.a No past turnout: SEVs, IVs & tenure; full output

Characteristic	M1		M2		M3		M4		M5		M6		M7		M8		M9
	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI
Age
50-69	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
70-79	1.75***	1.31, 2.33	1.74***	1.30, 2.32	1.83***	1.36, 2.45	1.84***	1.37, 2.47	1.86***	1.39, 2.50	1.88***	1.40, 2.52	1.88***	1.40, 2.53	1.88***	1.40, 2.53	1.89***	1.41, 2.54
80+	2.13***	1.40, 3.24	2.11***	1.39, 3.21	2.40***	1.57, 3.67	2.37***	1.55, 3.64	2.40***	1.57, 3.68	2.41***	1.57, 3.70	2.39***	1.56, 3.67	2.39***	1.55, 3.67	2.41***	1.57, 3.71
Sex
Male	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Female	1.10	0.92, 1.31	1.10	0.92, 1.32	1.09	0.91, 1.30	1.08	0.90, 1.29	1.09	0.91, 1.30	1.09	0.91, 1.31	1.08	0.90, 1.29	1.08	0.90, 1.29	1.08	0.90, 1.29
Marital/relationship status
Married/SP	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Divorced/separated	0.60***	0.47, 0.75	0.62***	0.49, 0.77	0.64***	0.51, 0.80	0.65***	0.52, 0.83	0.66***	0.52, 0.83	0.65***	0.52, 0.82	0.66***	0.52, 0.83	0.66***	0.52, 0.83	0.66***	0.52, 0.83
Single	0.63***	0.49, 0.81	0.66**	0.52, 0.86	0.66**	0.51, 0.85	0.66**	0.51, 0.85	0.66**	0.51, 0.86	0.65**	0.50, 0.85	0.67**	0.52, 0.87	0.66**	0.51, 0.86	0.66**	0.51, 0.86
Widowed	0.76	0.54, 1.07	0.83	0.59, 1.18	0.82	0.58, 1.17	0.83	0.58, 1.18	0.83	0.58, 1.19	0.83	0.58, 1.18	0.86	0.60, 1.23	0.86	0.60, 1.23	0.86	0.61, 1.23
Highest qualification
Secondary	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Below secondary	0.55***	0.43, 0.69	0.55***	0.43, 0.70	0.60***	0.47, 0.76	0.61***	0.47, 0.78	0.61***	0.47, 0.78	0.61***	0.48, 0.79	0.64***	0.50, 0.83	0.65***	0.50, 0.83	0.65***	0.50, 0.83
Further/Degree level	2.15***	1.74, 2.67	2.16***	1.75, 2.68	2.08***	1.68, 2.58	2.04***	1.64, 2.53	2.00***	1.61, 2.49	2.00***	1.61, 2.48	1.96***	1.58, 2.44	1.96***	1.58, 2.44	1.96***	1.58, 2.44
Other	1.14	0.80, 1.62	1.17	0.83, 1.66	1.17	0.82, 1.67	1.19	0.83, 1.69	1.20	0.84, 1.71	1.22	0.86, 1.75	1.24	0.87, 1.77	1.24	0.87, 1.77	1.25	0.87, 1.78
Economic activity
Retired (inc part)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
FT carer + unemp.	0.44***	0.30, 0.64	0.45***	0.31, 0.65	0.47***	0.32, 0.69	0.49***	0.33, 0.73	0.50***	0.34, 0.74	0.50***	0.33, 0.74	0.49***	0.33, 0.73	0.49***	0.33, 0.73	0.49***	0.33, 0.73
In employment	0.64***	0.50, 0.81	0.63***	0.50, 0.81	0.58***	0.45, 0.74	0.61***	0.48, 0.78	0.61***	0.47, 0.78	0.60***	0.47, 0.78	0.59***	0.46, 0.76	0.59***	0.46, 0.76	0.59***	0.46, 0.76
LT sick/disabled	0.25***	0.18, 0.35	0.27***	0.19, 0.39	0.48***	0.32, 0.70	0.51***	0.34, 0.75	0.50***	0.34, 0.74	0.50***	0.34, 0.74	0.51***	0.35, 0.76	0.51***	0.34, 0.76	0.51***	0.34, 0.76
Internet connection?
Yes	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
No	0.44***	0.31, 0.61	0.45***	0.32, 0.62	0.45***	0.32, 0.63	0.45***	0.32, 0.63	0.45***	0.32, 0.63	0.46***	0.33, 0.64	0.49***	0.35, 0.69	0.49***	0.35, 0.69	0.49***	0.35, 0.69
Felt lonely
Yes			—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
No			1.43**	1.13, 1.82	1.21	0.95, 1.55	1.20	0.94, 1.53	1.19	0.93, 1.52	1.26	0.98, 1.63	1.26	0.98, 1.63	1.26	0.98, 1.63	1.27	0.98, 1.64
Self-rated general health
Excel/V good					—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Fair					0.59***	0.46, 0.76	0.61***	0.47, 0.79	0.63***	0.48, 0.82	0.61***	0.47, 0.80	0.62***	0.47, 0.81	0.62***	0.47, 0.81	0.61***	0.46, 0.80
Good					0.57***	0.45, 0.71	0.58***	0.47, 0.73	0.59***	0.47, 0.74	0.59***	0.47, 0.74	0.59***	0.47, 0.74	0.59***	0.47, 0.74	0.59***	0.47, 0.74
Poor					0.25***	0.18, 0.35	0.27***	0.19, 0.38	0.27***	0.19, 0.38	0.26***	0.18, 0.36	0.26***	0.19, 0.37	0.27***	0.19, 0.38	0.26***	0.18, 0.37
How getting along financially
Does not manage well							—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Get by alright							1.14	0.80, 1.62	1.15	0.81, 1.64	1.17	0.82, 1.68	1.20	0.84, 1.71	1.19	0.83, 1.71	1.18	0.82, 1.69
Manage quite well							0.97	0.67, 1.38	0.97	0.68, 1.39	1.00	0.70, 1.44	1.02	0.71, 1.46	1.02	0.71, 1.46	1.01	0.70, 1.45
Manage very well							1.38	0.95, 2.02	1.37	0.94, 2.00	1.42	0.97, 2.07	1.40	0.96, 2.05	1.40	0.96, 2.05	1.39	0.95, 2.03
Self-rated mental health
Excellent/v good									—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Fair									0.82	0.63, 1.07	0.80	0.61, 1.05	0.80	0.61, 1.04	0.80	0.61, 1.04	0.79	0.60, 1.04
Good									0.78*	0.61, 0.98	0.78*	0.61, 0.98	0.76*	0.60, 0.96	0.76*	0.60, 0.96	0.76*	0.60, 0.96
Poor									0.85	0.57, 1.27	0.82	0.55, 1.22	0.82	0.55, 1.22	0.82	0.55, 1.22	0.81	0.54, 1.21
Happy last week?
Yes											—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
No											1.35*	1.02, 1.80	1.38*	1.03, 1.84	1.38*	1.03, 1.84	1.37*	1.02, 1.83
Give back to community?
Give back to community													—	—	—	—	—	—
Not so much													0.64***	0.51, 0.80	0.64***	0.51, 0.80	0.64***	0.51, 0.79
Unpaid carer
Cared for sick/frail															—	—	—	—
Not a carer															0.86	0.50, 1.49	0.86	0.50, 1.48
Perceived/actual age gap (+-3 years)
Feels > 3 years older																	—	—
Feels > 3 years younger																	0.92	0.66, 1.29
Feels within 3 years of actual age																	1.01	0.71, 1.43
AIC	3,616		3,608		3,544		3,540		3,541		3,536		3,520		3,522		3,526
Log-likelihood	-1,794		-1,789		-1,754		-1,749		-1,747		-1,743		-1,734		-1,734		-1,734
No. Obs.	4,536		4,536		4,536		4,536		4,536		4,536		4,536		4,536		4,536
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio
1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001

6.8 No past turnout: SEVs, IVs & tenure

Stepwise models

Characteristic	M1		M2		M3		M4		M5		M6		M7		M8		M9
	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI	OR1	95% CI
Internet connection?
Yes	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
No	0.59*	0.37, 0.95	0.57*	0.36, 0.93	0.61*	0.37, 0.98	0.61*	0.37, 0.98	0.60*	0.37, 0.98	0.61*	0.38, 0.99	0.65	0.40, 1.05	0.65	0.40, 1.05	0.65	0.40, 1.07
Felt lonely
Yes			—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
No			1.86**	1.25, 2.78	1.55*	1.03, 2.34	1.54*	1.02, 2.33	1.54*	1.02, 2.33	1.64*	1.07, 2.51	1.65*	1.07, 2.53	1.64*	1.07, 2.52	1.62*	1.05, 2.49
Self-rated general health
Excel/V good					—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Fair					0.61*	0.39, 0.97	0.62*	0.39, 0.99	0.63*	0.39, 1.00	0.61*	0.38, 0.98	0.63	0.39, 1.00	0.63	0.39, 1.01	0.66	0.41, 1.06
Good					0.72	0.48, 1.08	0.73	0.48, 1.09	0.72	0.48, 1.09	0.72	0.48, 1.09	0.74	0.49, 1.11	0.74	0.49, 1.11	0.74	0.49, 1.12
Poor					0.29***	0.17, 0.49	0.29***	0.17, 0.50	0.30***	0.17, 0.51	0.28***	0.16, 0.49	0.30***	0.17, 0.52	0.30***	0.17, 0.52	0.32***	0.18, 0.56
How getting along financially
Does not manage well							—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Get by alright							0.96	0.26, 3.59	0.98	0.26, 3.67	1.07	0.29, 3.99	1.01	0.26, 3.84	1.00	0.26, 3.82	1.02	0.27, 3.92
Manage quite well							1.04	0.28, 3.87	1.07	0.29, 3.99	1.19	0.32, 4.46	1.12	0.29, 4.27	1.12	0.29, 4.27	1.13	0.30, 4.35
Manage very well							1.05	0.28, 3.88	1.09	0.29, 4.06	1.21	0.32, 4.53	1.11	0.29, 4.24	1.11	0.29, 4.24	1.14	0.30, 4.37
Self-rated mental health
Excellent/v good									—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Fair									1.19	0.74, 1.91	1.19	0.74, 1.91	1.19	0.74, 1.91	1.19	0.74, 1.91	1.22	0.75, 1.97
Good									1.07	0.70, 1.65	1.08	0.70, 1.67	1.06	0.69, 1.64	1.06	0.69, 1.63	1.07	0.69, 1.65
Poor									0.82	0.43, 1.56	0.81	0.43, 1.55	0.81	0.43, 1.54	0.81	0.42, 1.54	0.83	0.43, 1.58
Happy last week?
Yes											—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
No											1.44	0.82, 2.53	1.56	0.88, 2.77	1.56	0.88, 2.76	1.60	0.90, 2.85
Give back to community?
Give back to community													—	—	—	—	—	—
Not so much													0.58**	0.41, 0.83	0.58**	0.41, 0.83	0.59**	0.41, 0.83
Unpaid carer
Cared for sick/frail															—	—	—	—
Not a carer															0.76	0.21, 2.73	0.75	0.21, 2.72
Perceived/actual age gap (+-3 years)
Feels > 3 years older																	—	—
Feels > 3 years younger																	1.28	0.67, 2.44
Feels within 3 years of actual age																	1.12	0.58, 2.17
AIC	1,373		1,364		1,348		1,354		1,358		1,357		1,349		1,350		1,353
Log-likelihood	-671		-665		-654		-654		-653		-651		-646		-646		-646
No. Obs.	2,708		2,708		2,708		2,708		2,708		2,708		2,708		2,708		2,708
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio
1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001

Coefficients plot of Models 9

Document version history

Changes from version 8

1. Created two versions of the gap between biological and self-perceived age. Added them to descriptive and regression tables.
2. Created a dichotomic version of the estimated probability of living to 85 and beyond.
3. Amended the recording of past voting behaviour with missing recorded system misssing rather than no turnout.
   
4. Added a full output version of Model 7.
5. Misc. model optimisations

Changes from version 7

Added 4 series of models without past voting behaviour as covariate.

Changes from version 6

1. Improved univariates for continuous variables (30)

2. Added age 2 and 3 categories to tables in Section 4.1 & 4.2; 2019 GE turnout to tables in Section 4.2 & 4.3.

3. Added a new recoded version of SR mental health, abilities and general health

4. Renamed Tertiary ed as Further/Degree level.

5. Fixed display of unrecoded univariate frequencies

6. Amended multivariate analysis:

   • Removed household types
   • Removed age*sex interaction
   • Replaced past GE turnout with dichotomic version
   • New sets of stepwise tables including the new list of independent variables

Notes

DIGRAN (presence of granchildren) was not added to the regression models due to the small number of observations.

Changes from version 5

1. Added digran,erlvolba,erlvolpe,exlo80,exlo90,psagf,sclfcoa,scorgch
2. Added a section for descriptives of continuous variables
3. Consolidated variables list in Section 1

Changes from version 4

1. Recoded general and mental health as: Excellent/Very Good; Good/Fair; Poor. Warning: given the small number of obs for ‘poor’, this is likely to generate unreliable estimates

2. Added four way tables of whether voted by age, sex, by all other variables.

3. Revise model reference categories (see attached) Note: No list was attached, let me know if this needs rearranging, this is a very quick amendment to make

4. In model tables listed previous vote at bottom of table; re order log likelihood and GoF stats.

5. Checked and corrected 2005 GE turnout table

6. Reorganised regressions tables so that all series of models include interaction of age by sex as the last model.

To do:

1. Add continuous IVs to the 4 way tables in Section 5.1